The Porfiriato (1876-1911) was marked by which of the following:

A) civil war B) economic decay C) growing democracy D) numerous coups E) presidential reelection

Francisco Madero, whose revolt in 1910 sparked the Mexican Revolution, was a:

A) church leader B) cowboy C) indigenous leader D) peasant leader E) wealthy landowner 

All but which of the following was one of the major figures of the Mexican Revolution:

A) Carranza B) Obregón C) Salinas D) Villa E) Zapata 

Which president was responsible for the largest land redistributions in Mexican history, as well as the nationalization of foreign-owned oil companies in the 1930's?:

A) Miguel Alemán B) Lázaro Cárdenas

Which party was founded in 1939 in reaction to the state capitalist economic policies and the anti-clerical religious policies of the ruling party?:

The leader of a movement that split from the ruling party and seriously contested the presidential election in 1988 - the first time that had been done since the 1920's - was the son of which president?

This group took up arms on the same day, January 1, 1994, that NAFTA went into effect:

A) EGP B) EZLN C) FMLN D)FSLN E) MRTA 

Which candidate won the 2000 presidential race?

A) Felipe Calderón B) Francisco Labastida

C) Manuel Camacho D) Porfirio Muñoz Ledo E) Vicente Fox 

Which party won the most seats in the house of depupties in 1997, 2000, and 2003?

A) PAN B) PRM C) PRD D) PPM E) PRI 

Lula was born in one of the most impoverished places in Brazil, in:

A) Manaus region of the Amazon B) rural Northeast C) slums of Recife D) slums of Rio E) slums of Sao Paulo 

Which of the following is NOT one of the major political periods in Brazil described by Blake?

A) Bureaucratic Authoritarian Rule B) First Republic C) New State D) Revolution E) Second Republic 

With Getúlio Vargas during the middle of the 20th century, Brazil - along with the two other largest Latin American economies, Argentina and Mexico - experimented with ____, emphasizing the search for social harmony.

The presidency of ____ witnessed the promotion of an automobile industry, the construction of a new federal capital, rapid economic growth, a 1958 World Cup triumph, and a worldwide interest in the bossa nova musical movement.

Which of the following lost the presidential elections of 1989, 1994, and 1998?

A) Fernando Collor de Mello B) Fernando Henrique Cardoso C) Itamar Franco D) José Sarney E) Luis Inácio da Silva 

After governing Brazil for much of the time since 1930, Getúlio Vargas' term in office ended in 1954 when he:

Which crisis shook the Brazilian economy in 1997-1998?

A) Argentine B) Asian C) Debt D) Mexican E) Oil 

Blake says that a central problem of governance for most recent Brazilian presidents has been gaining support from the:

A) legislature B) media C) military D) unions E) United States 

The military took power and ruled for twenty-one years beginning in:

A) 1822 B) 1889 C) 1930 D) 1945 E) 1964 

Luis Inácio da Silva founded which of the following political parties?

A) PFL (Liberal Front Party)

B) PMDB (Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement) C) PSB (Brazilian Socialist Party)

Which of the following did Presidents Plutarco Elias Calles and Lázaro Cárdenas both do?

A) Carry out massive land reform

Until the ____, when the cocaine barons in Colombia began to contract with Mexican traffickers to smuggle their product into the U.S., drugs remained a cottage  industry.

A) 1910's B) 1930's C) 1950's D) 1970's E) 1990's 

The DFS (Dirección Federal de Seguridad/Federal Security Directorate):

A) assassinated PRI presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio

One of the key intermediaries between the drug traffickers and corrupt military and police officers was Irma Lizette Ibara, who had earlier been ____.

A) mayor of Guadalajara

In the early 1990's, the leading drug trafficker in Mexico was Amado Carrillo Fuentes, otherwise known as:

A) Baron of the Border B) Duke of Drugs

C) King of Cocaine D) Lord of the Skies

E) Master of the Sea 

Amado Carrillo Fuentes' career as the leading drug trafficker in Mexico came to an end when he:

A) died after being poisoned by his mistress

B) died after cosmetic surgery C) died after a stroke

After President Zedillo appointed General Gutiérrez Rebollo to head the federal drug agency in 1996, Barry McCaffrey, President Clinton's drug czar, said:

A) He's a butt-kicking General

Nine weeks after his appointment to lead the fight against drugs, General Gutiérrez Rebollo was:

A) arrested B) assassinated C) fired D) kidnapped

E) promoted to Secretary of Defense 

Name the Mexican drug cartel leader:

A) De la Madrid B) Echeverría C) Félix D) Portillo

E) Salinas 

Although the cartels usually tried not to attract attention, in 1985 they:

A) crashed an airplane with 30 tons of drugs

B) killed a US DEA agent

Although Chile's economy grew steadily from 1984-2002, this growth did not reduce:

A) debt B) inequality C) inflation

D) the frequency of recession E) unemployment 

Chile is the only country in Latin America in which more than one-fifth of the upper house of the legislature consists of _____ members.

A) appointed B) communist party C) fascist party D) female E) indigenous 

The 1891 Civil War led to the installation of a ____ republic.

A) Bolivian-controlled B) communist C) military

D) parliamentary E) populist 

Which of the following is NOT true about what Blake writes about land reform?

A) By 1810, 1% of the population controlled 85% of all farmland in Mexico. 

Chilean politics during the first 6 decades after independence took the form of a comparatively stable _____.

A) civilian dictatorship B) military dictatorship

C) oligarchic democracy D) parliamentary republic

Between 1958 and 1973, the Chilean political system could best be described as:

A) civilian dictatorship B) military dictatorship

C) oligarchic democracy D) parliamentary republic

E) polarized pluralism 

From 1973 to 1989, the Chilean political system could best be described as:

A) civilian dictatorship B) military dictatorship

C) oligarchic democracy D) parliamentary republic

E) polarized pluralism 

Since the mid-1970's, the economic policy followed by Chile can best be characterized as:

A) command economy B) communism C) ISI

D) market capitalism E) state capitalism 

On October 16, 1998, Chile's former dictator was arrested in _____ on the orders of a Spanish judge, and charged with torture.

A) Argentina B) Chile C) Spain D) United Kingdom

E) United States 

____ helped found the Chilean Socialist party and ran for the presidency three times before winning in 1970.

A) Salvador Allende B) Patricio Aylwin C) Eduardo Frei D) Ricardo Lagos E) Augusto Pinochet 

The US Senate report covers US covert action in Chile that began in the early:

A) 1940's B) 1950's C) 1960's D) 1970's E) 1980's 

According to the Senate chronology, the US did all of the following things except one.  Which of the following does this chronology NOT say the US did in Chile during the period covered?

On Oct. 16, 1970, the CIA sent a cable to its station chief in Santiago stating, "it is firm and continuing policy that Allende be...

Jaime Pérez, the central figure in Rosenberg's story, was active in the:

Rosenberg relates another story told about a journalist who, 13 years after the events, seemed to have forgotten:

A) how much he had hated the Allende regime

During most of the military dictatorship, the ____ was the only organization that could offer protection to the regime's victims and opponents.

A) Catholic Church B) Committee for Press Freedom

Pinochet's time as Chile's president came to an end after he:

A) lost a plebiscite B) suffered a heart attack

C) was arrested in UK D) was assassinated

E) was overthrown in a coup 

The Quechua expression, "Maypim Callanku", means:

A) Free Maypim B) Let my people go

C) Revolution Now D) Yankee Go Home

E) Where are you? 

In what country did a presidential candidate try to win by calling his opponent a "Haitian"?

A) Cuba B) Dominican Republic C) Haiti D) Puerto Rico E) Venezuela 

The name of the racist dictator who ordered the killing of tens of thousands of Haitian sugarcane workers:

A) Estrella B) Fernández C) Jiménez D) Morales

E) Trujillo 

The Yelvington chapter argues that ethnic identitites in Latin America are:

A) absent from official record B) absent from popular beliefs C) biological absolutes D) cultural constructs

E) unimportant 

Which of the following terms has been used in Latin America to refer to white-skinned Caucasians?

A) barcinos B) castas C) criollos D) mestizos

E) mulatos 

Which country was first associated with the concept of "democracia racial/racial democracy"?

A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Guatemala D) Mexico

E) Venezuela 

Which country most successfully promoted European immigration in the late 19th century, mostly from Spain and Italy, as part of a strategy to form a "white nation"?

A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Guatemala D) Mexico

Which country promoted the ideology of "indigenismo" and proclaimed mestizos to be the "Raza Cósmica/Cosmic Race"?

A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Guatemala D) Mexico

E) Venezuela 

Nationalism in this country - the home of more than 200,000 Jews - has had a strong anti-Semitic dimension.

A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Guatemala D) Mexico

E) Venezuela  

As a consequence of the ideology of hispanidad, which of the following pairs of terms are considered mutually exclusive categories?

A) Bolivian, campesino B) Cuban, guajiro

C) Dominican, black D) Puerto Rican, jíbaro

Chávez tried unsuccessfully to overthrow which Venezuelan president during the latter's second term of office?  This president was impeached and resigned in 1993.

A) Rómulo Betancourt B) Rafael Caldera

Praise for Chávez after the failed 1992 coup included a prayer to Chávez modeled on the:

A) 23rd Psalm B) Ave Maria C) Credo D) Gloria

E) Lord's Prayer 

The last and most powerful of Venezuela's caudillos was:

A) Rómulo Betancourt B) Rafael Caldera

C) Juan Vicente Gomez D) José Antonio Perez

E) Carlos Andrés Pérez 

The first democratic presidential and legislative elections in Venezuela took place in this year, during the period known as the trienio.

A) 1927 B) 1937 C) 1947 D) 1957 E) 1967 

This party won all of the elections during the trienio and went on to play a leading role in politics before the rise of Chávez.

Learning from previous errors, democratic political parties created the Pact of ___, in which they pledged to accept the outcome of the elections and to establish a common minimum program through a coalition cabinet.

Which of the following is TRUE about Venezuela?

A) Has a tradition of democratic government going back to the late 19th century

As Blake explains, the term ___ is used to refer to political systems in which the armed forces frequently influence government decisions through the use of threat or force.

A) Janissarianism B) proconsulism C) praetorianism

Which of the following is NOT one of the groups that has visibly opposed President Chávez?

A) Bolivarian Circles (neighborhoods) B) CTV (labor)

C) FEDECAMARAS (business) D) Media E) PDVSA (oil) 

According to the map at the beginning of the chapter, which of the following had the lowest level of support for democratic rule in 2003?

A) Argentina B) Brazil C) Costa Rica D) Uruguay

E) Venezuela 

Mara-18 and Mara Salvatrucha (presumably) protested the actions of Honduran President Ricardo Maduro in early 2004 by leaving ___ in several locations.

A) baby shoes B) bombs C) crosses D) flowers

E) severed heads 

In what country did massive public protests and roadblocks force the democratically elected president to resign from office in 2003?

A) Bolivia B) Costa Rica C) Guatemala D) Honduras

E) Panamá 

In what country did voters keep a former dictator, accused of atrocities, from regaining the presidency through elections?

A) Bolivia B) Costa Rica C) Guatemala D) Honduras

E) Panamá 

A central characteristic of governance in all but a few of countries in Latin America today is:

A) hyperpresidentialism

B) military coups

C) rapidly falling levels of GDP

D) rapidly increasing levels of poverty

Which of the following countries consistently had the worst score for political and civil liberty in Latin America between 1980 and 2000, according to Freedom House?

A) Argentina B) Cuba C) Paraguay D) Uruguay

E) Venezuela 

Comparing Latin American countries, as the level of income inequality rises, support for democracy ____.

A) rises B) falls C) remains the same

D) is indeterminate E) is not discussed in this chapter 

Comparing LA countries, as the level of GDP/capita rises, support for democracy:

A) rises B) falls C) remains the same

D) is indeterminate E) is not discussed in this chapter 

Which of the following is not a trend observed in Latin America at the turn of the century?