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| are fundamentally those that can be answered by observation |
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| What should have happened |
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| a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour |
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| any philosophical account that holds that final causes exist in nature |
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| the name normally given to Aristotle's best known work on ethics |
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| the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency |
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| the goddess of fortune and personification of luck in Roman religion. She might bring good luck or bad: |
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| virtù. This was distinct from “virtue”, and encompassed whatever was required for rulers to succeed, conquer and triumph |
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| in the sense of doing conventionally “good” acts |
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| Although a good citizen is a good person, on Aristotle's view. |
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| Good incentives are no substitute for good citizens |
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| he built up to similar theoretical conclusions concerning the importance of intellectual virtue and a contemplative life. |
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| Machiavelli defines virtues as qualities that are praised by others, such as generosity, compassion, and piety. |
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| According to Aristotle, everything has a purpose or final end |
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| Why must a ruler learn not how to be good? |
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| must not just learn to do good; he must learn to do evil — and learn to do it well |
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