Term
| What is political science considered to be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a systematic study of government? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do all policy decisions involve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are alternatives established by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Policy decisions involve what among competing interests? |
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Term
| Conflict pervades our daily lives, and this is no different than the world of politics. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two reasons why conflict pervades our daily lives, and this is no different than the world of politics? |
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Definition
Competing Interests
Competing values |
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Term
| What is an example of competing interests? |
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Definition
| I want pizza, roommate wants Chinese |
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Term
| How do we manage conflict? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process through which individuals and groups reach agreement on a course or action even as they disagree on the intended goals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does agreement require? (2) |
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Definition
| Bargaining and compromise |
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Term
| What could happen if there is an absence of bargaining and compromise? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must you do to come to an agreement? |
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Definition
| Reconcile the differing preferences |
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Term
| What happens as a group gets larger? |
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Definition
| It is harder to find a happy medium |
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Term
| What are the rules and procedures prescribing a process for reaching and enforcing collective agreement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two examples of institutions? |
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Definition
| U.S. Military and Fraternities |
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Term
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Definition
| organizations, but much bigger |
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Term
| What does a country require since there are more complex issues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What establishes it governing institutions and the set of rules and procedures these institutions must follow? |
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Definition
| A constitution of a nation |
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Term
| What consists of those institutions and the legally prescribed process for making and enforcing collective agreements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a constitution establish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two prisoner's dilemma? |
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Definition
Free Rider Problem
Tragedy of the commons |
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Term
| What occurs when individuals within a group attempt to enjoy the collective benefits of membership without contributing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the free riding problem as the size of a body increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three ways to solve free riding? |
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Definition
Emotional/psychological incentives (blare music in there door)
Selective incentives (tote bags or tax breaks)(goods that you get)
Sanctions (fees, increased cost, laws) |
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Term
| What is it called when collective good will disappear unless members cooperate to preserve it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two solutions to tragedy of the commons? |
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Definition
Regulation (preventing people)
Privatization or making it a utility (pay as you go) |
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Term
| What does collective action require? |
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Definition
| Cost (put something to get something out) |
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Term
| We must design a system to minimize cost. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are two ways that cost are material? |
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Definition
Tax payments
Salaries of the police to enforce agreements |
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Term
| What are two ways that cost are non- material? |
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Definition
Transaction costs
Conformity Cost |
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Term
| What are transaction costs? |
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Definition
| The time, effort, and resources to make a collective decision |
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Term
| When does transaction cost increase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a high transaction cost? |
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Definition
| Amending the constitution takes a 2/3rds vote. |
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Term
| What is conformity costs? |
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Definition
| The difference between what any one party prefers and what the collective body requires. |
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Term
| What was the example of conformity costs that he gave in class? |
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Definition
| A class project to Atlanta and we have to serve 40 hours there over the weekend |
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Term
| For conformity costs and transaction costs, as one goes up, the other goes down. |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of transaction cost and conformity costs does a dictatorship have? |
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Definition
| low transaction cost and high conformity costs |
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Term
| What kind of transaction cost and conformity costs does a government by a consensus (unanimous agreement) have? |
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Definition
| high transaction cost and low conformity costs |
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Term
| What are 5 ways constitutional designers can balance transaction and conformity costs? |
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Definition
Command
Veto
Agenda Control
Majority Rule
Delegation |
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Term
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Definition
| The authority to exert comprehensive control over those under one's dominion |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to reject a proposal from another office or institution |
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Term
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Definition
| The authority to determine the set of alternatives on which the group decides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Choosing leaders to make a decision |
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Term
| How is transaction costs and conformity costs effected by command? |
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Definition
| lower transaction costs and higher conformity costs |
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Term
| How is transaction costs and conformity costs effected by veto? |
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Definition
| higher transaction costs and lower conformity costs |
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Term
| How is transaction costs and conformity costs effected by agenda control? |
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Definition
| lower transaction costs and higher conformity costs |
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Term
| How is transaction costs and conformity costs effected by majority rule? |
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Definition
| Either increase or decrease. we decide |
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Term
| How is transaction costs and conformity costs effected by delegation? |
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Definition
| lower transaction costs and higher conformity costs |
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Term
| What are two types of majority rule? |
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Definition
Simple majority
Supermajority |
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Term
| What is a simple majority? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in the delegation process for a representative democracy? |
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Definition
| Public delegates legislative, executive, and judicial power to a government |
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Term
| What does the public delegating legislative, executive, and judicial power to a government require? |
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Definition
| Accountability (elections) |
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Term
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Definition
| The original larger group |
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Term
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Definition
| They act on behalf of the principal |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between what the principals want and what the agency does |
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Term
| What 2 things can often be mixed to create a representative democracy? |
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Definition
| Delegation and majority rule |
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Term
| What are three ways that show we are a representative democracy? |
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Definition
Citizens elect representatives
Regular elections limit the possibility of agency loss
A Republic |
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Term
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Definition
| A representative democracy which places constraints on representatives |
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Term
| What is a Direct Democracy? |
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Definition
| Usually reserved for small communities and organizations |
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Term
| What are 4 powerful constraints in the Constitution? |
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Definition
Separation of Powers
Staggering senatorial terms
An elected judiciary
Limited national authority (certain things are reserved for the states) |
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Term
| There are a number of trade-offs that happen between transaction costs and conformity costs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the American System of governance established for? |
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Definition
| To minimize transaction and conformity costs |
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