Term
| What were two reasons for the new settlement of the U.S (3) |
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Definition
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Term
| What was it called when you had debt in England so they either threw you in prison, or sent you to the new world to start over? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were three ways that the new world were autonomous colonies? |
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Definition
Distance from England
"Home Rule"
Right to levy taxes (tax yourself) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When did the autonomous colonies begin to dismantle? |
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Definition
| Following the French and Indian War 1754-1763 |
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Term
| Who fought in the French and Indian War? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two negative things about the French and Indian War? |
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Definition
Expensive
Free Riding problem with colonies |
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Term
| Britain needed revenue to pay for war debts so the looked to the colonies. What were two of the revenue generating taxes that they enforced? |
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Definition
Stamp Act of 1765
Tea Act of 1773
(wasn't a punishment, just to pay off war debts) |
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Term
| What did the Stamp Act of 1765 do? |
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Definition
| Forced people to place stamps on all printed official materials |
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Term
| What did the Tea Act of 1773 do? |
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Definition
| Tax on imported tea because it was very popular. |
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Term
| What was the colonial response to the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Tea Act of 1773? |
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Definition
Boston Tea Party of 1773
Restraining and Coercive Act of 1774 |
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Term
| Explain all of the Boston Tea Party of 1773. |
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Definition
| Led by Samuel Adams. They threw tea overboard in the Harbor |
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Term
| Explain all of the Restraining and Coercive Act of 1774. |
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Definition
| British troops lived with the colonists, and this was a huge incursion on Home Rule. This prompted the call for the first Continental Congress of 1774. |
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Term
| What did the first Continental Congress declare? (2) |
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Definition
Declaration of American Rights (Things that England cannot take away from them).
And they banned the trade with Britain, and Britain really needed to trade with us. |
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Term
| What breaks out after we ban trade with Britain? |
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Definition
| The Battle of Lexington and Concord |
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Term
| What formed after the Battle of Lexington and Concord? |
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Definition
| The Second Continental Congress |
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Term
| Where were both the First and Second Continental Congress held? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Second Continental Congress form? |
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Definition
| It formed the continental army that was lead by George Washington |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What did Common Sense do? |
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Definition
| It published independence on a National stage |
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Term
| Who drafted the Declaration of Independence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two reasons why we got the Declaration of Independence? |
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Definition
We wanted self-governance (Home Rule)
We had many grievances |
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Term
| What did the Declaration of Independence start? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was used a a Constitution during the Revolutionary war? |
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Definition
| The Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| What did the Articles of Confederation create? |
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Definition
| A loose confederation of autonomous states |
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Term
| What kind of Congress did the Articles of Confederation have? |
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Definition
| Single House of Congress with equal representation of the states |
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Term
| What are 5 powers the Articles of Confederation created? |
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Definition
1. Set up postal departments
2. Requests donations from states to fund government/army
3. Developed an army
4. Developed western territories
5. Arbitrate state disputes |
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Term
| In order to get something done, what was there majority that they needed? (give me a number) Is this a simple majority or a supermajority? |
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Definition
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Term
| When Congress requested donations from the states during the Articles of Confederation, what began to form? |
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Definition
| A classic prisoner's dilemma |
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Term
| What was it called when farmers protests because some are in massive debt, and then has to pay a large sum of state taxes, and then gets persecuted raising up more farmers to protest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were 5 major problems with the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
1. No power to tax
2. No authority to regulate commerce
3. No executive
4. No judicial system to regulate interstate disputes
5. No strong central government |
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Term
| What was formed to revise the Article of Confederation? |
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Definition
| The Constitutional Convention |
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Term
| How many states sent delegates, and who didn't? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were 3 philosophical influences of the Constitutional Convention? |
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Definition
John Locke
Isaac Newton
Montesquieu |
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Term
| What did John Locke want? (2) |
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Definition
Popular sovereignty
Limited government |
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Term
| What did Isaac Newton want? (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Montesquieu want? (2) |
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Definition
Separation of powers
small republic |
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Term
| What is people governing themselves? (not home rule, but ...) |
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Definition
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Term
| What were two major conflicts at the convention? |
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Definition
North vs. South
Large states vs. Small states |
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Term
| What were 2 major conflicts with North vs. South? |
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Definition
Slavery
government control of international commerce |
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Term
| What was a major debate between Large states vs. Small states? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two plans were brought to the Constitutional Convention? |
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Definition
| New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan |
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Term
| Who formulated the Virginia Plan? Who proposed it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of Congress did the Virginia Plan want? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bicameral legislature is exactly like the one we have today because the lower chamber is elected by the population and the lower chooses the upper chamber, but what are 4 of the main differences? |
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Definition
1. The legislature would appoint the executive and judicial
2. Could make any laws and veto any state laws
3. Council of revision (executive and the Judiciary) could veto legislation. (wouldn't work well because the legislative appoints this council)
4. Representation was based off of the state |
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Term
| Which states wanted the Missouri plan? Virginia Plan? |
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Definition
The smaller states
The larger states |
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Term
| Who proposed the New Jersey Plan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of Legislation did the New Jersey plan want? What kind of representation? |
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Definition
| Unicameral Legislature with equal representation |
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Term
| What are three main things that the Unicameral Legislator could do? |
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Definition
1. Levy Taxes
2. Regulate Commerce (buying and selling)
3. Has Supremacy over state legislation (when the state and federal law were in conflict, the federal would win) |
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Term
| What was the compromise of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does he mean when he says it is a Solomon-like compromise? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Upper Chamber in Congress called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who does the Senate satisfy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of representation is in the Senate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the terms that the Senate has? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the great compromise, who was the Senate chosen by? Who chooses them now? |
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Definition
| State legislatures. The citizens |
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Term
| What is the lower chamber of government? |
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Definition
| The House of Representatives |
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Term
| Who did the House satisfy? Why? |
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Definition
| The large, more populous states. Because the representation is based on the population |
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Term
| What is the Houses terms? |
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Definition
| 2 year terms and then the whole House is up for reelection. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What could the House originate? |
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Definition
| Revenue legislation (Taxes, Tariffs, etc.) |
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Term
| After the great compromise, what kind of majority is needed? What was the original majority? |
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Definition
| Simple Majority. Supermajority 9/13 |
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Term
| What article and section has the enumerated powers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are enumerated powers? |
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Definition
| Powers that are listed in the Constitution |
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Term
| What are two clauses in the enumerated powers? |
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Definition
| Commerce clause and the Necessary and proper clause |
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Term
| What is the commerce clause? |
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Definition
| It gave Congress the ability to regulate interstate and international commerce |
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Term
| What is the Necessary and proper clause? |
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Definition
| It gives Congress the ability to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper" for exercising the enumerating powers. |
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Term
| How does Congress check the Executive Branch? (6) |
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Definition
1. Sets agenda (sets bills),
2. Senate confirms nominees,
3. Impeachment,
4. veto override,
5. Senate ratifies treaties, and
6. Declare war |
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Term
| How does Congress check the Judiciary Branch? |
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Definition
1. Impeach judges
2. Set size of the Supreme Court
3. Jurisdiction of lower courts
4. Senate confirms judges |
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Term
| How does the Executive check Congress? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the Executive check the Judiciary? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the Judiciary check the Executive? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the Judiciary check Congress? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Whether or not what they did was allowed |
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Term
| How did Alexander Hamilton want the executive? |
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Definition
| He wanted them to serve for life |
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Term
| How should the executive be selected? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Electoral College satisfy the smaller states? Larger states? |
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Definition
| Elections are held at the State level. And Election goes to the House if there is no majority |
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Term
| What did the Framers fear when it came to the Executive? |
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Definition
| They feared that the Executive branch would not have enough power, and in the 18th and 19th century, they had very limited power. Congress had a lot more power. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When did the presidents gain more power? How? |
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Definition
| 20th Century because Congress delegated them some power because they had too much work |
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Term
| Which branch was designed as almost an afterthought? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when the Federal law exceeds state law? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who appoints Supreme Court Justices? Who Confirms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should there be lower federal courts? |
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Definition
| Congress determines the structure and jurisdiction of lower federal courts. |
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Term
| Under the Articles, what did states compete for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 states that competed for foreign commerce? What did they compete for? |
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Definition
| Georgia, north Carolina, and South Carolina. Selling rice |
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Term
| What is foreign commerce? |
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Definition
| Where states compete against one another to get the better trade deal |
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Term
| Which article and section forbids states from entering into treaties with foreign countries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who can enter into treaties and provide for national defense? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under the Articles, what were difficult to settle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What article and section in the Constitution allowed Congress to regulate interstate commerce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What article and section says what states can't do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What article allowed for a protection of states? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three benefits for states that are listed in Article 4? |
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Definition
| National government to assume state debts, Military protection of states, and guarantee of republican form of government |
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Term
| How much did slaves count as a person? |
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Definition
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Term
| What article and section said that Northern states had to return fugitive slaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the North give in to returning fugitive slaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amending the constitution (amendments) is pretty difficult. What would have to happen to get the proposal to pass? (2) |
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Definition
| 2/3 vote of both chambers of Congress, OR Constitutional convention called by Congress on petition of 2/3 of states |
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Term
| If the proposal goes through, how would you get ratification? (2) |
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Definition
| Approval of 3/4 of state legislatures, OR 3/4 of special constitutional conventions called by states |
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Term
| How many amendments do we have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two sides emerged from the fight for ratification? |
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Definition
| Federalist (pro-ratification) and Anti-federalist (anti-ratification) |
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Term
| What did Federalist and Anti-federalist derive from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Were anti-federalist ant state rights, or state rights' activists? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of republic did the anti-federalist want? |
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Definition
| small republic following Montesquieu's idea |
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Term
| What was created to prevent against tyranny? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who introduced amendments providing a bill of Rights at the first Congress? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two most important federalist papers? Who wrote these? |
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Definition
| Federalist 10 and 51. Madison |
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Term
| What did Federalist 10 mainly talk about? |
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Definition
| A small republic, and not having tyranny |
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Term
| What does federalist 10 say is a problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when you prevent people from gathering together to discus their ideas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when you force people to think alike? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a main way to prevent tyranny? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having more than one major party from dominating |
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Term
| What discussed the motivation behind the separation of powers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-federalist argued that one branch may become too powerful. What two things were created to prevent Congress from gaining too much power? |
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Definition
| Bicameralism, and checks and balances |
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