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| the supreme or ultimate authority to govern within a certain geographical area |
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| a governmental system in which authority is divided between two sovereign levels of government: national and regional |
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| a governmental system in which the national government alone has sovereign/ultimate authority |
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| a governmental system in which sovereignty is vested in entirely in state governments |
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| enumerated (expressed) powers |
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| the 17 powers granted to the national government under article 1 section 8 of the constitution. these powers include taxation and the regulation of commerce as well as the authority to provide for the national defense |
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| article 6 of the constitution which makes national law supreme over state law when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits |
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| necessary and proper clause |
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| the authority granted congress in article 1 section 8 of the constituion to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for the implementation of its enumerated powers |
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| see necessary and proper clause |
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| the federal governments constitutional authority (through the necessary and proper clause) to take action that is not expressly authorized by the constitution but that supports actions that are so authorized |
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| the powers granted to the states under the 10th amendment to the constitution |
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| the process by which national authority has increased over the course of u.s. history as a result primarily of economic change but also of political action |
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| a doctrine based on the idea that a precise separation of national power and state power is both possible and desirable |
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| the authority granted to congress to regulate trade among states (article 1 section 8) |
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| the situation in which the national, state, and local levels work together to solve problems |
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| a term that refers to the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through states and localities |
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| federal cash payments to states and localities for programs they administer |
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| federal grant in aid to states and localities that can be used only in designated projects |
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| federal grant in aid that permit state and local officials to decide how the money will be spent within a general area, such as education or health. |
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| the passing down of authority from the national government to the state and local governments |
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| 2012. the court rejected the governments argument that attaching a small device to a car undercarriage was too trival an act to constitute an unreasonable search. |
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| The states laws restricting expression in areas of speech |
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| speech: fiske v kansas, press: near v minnesota, religon: hamilton v regents university of california, and assembly and petition: defonge v oregon. |
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| jay near was the publisher of a minneapolis weekly newspaper that regularly made defamatory statements about blacks, jews, catholics, and labor union leaders. supreme court ruled that minnesota couldnt shut down his paper |
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| police forcibly entered dollree mapp home without a warrant and arrested her, the supreme court overturned her conviction, ruling that police had acted unconstititionally, citing the fourth amendment prohibiton on unreasonable searches and seizures |
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| the supreme court sustained the conviction of defendants who had distributed leaflets urging drage-age men to refuse induction into the military service. |
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| in a speech at a ku klux klan, clarence brandenburg said that revenge might have to be taken if the national government continues to suppress the white caucasian race. the supreme court said a state cannot prohibit speech that advocates the unlawful use of force unless it meets a two part test. |
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