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| On-demand access to information and entertainment on digital devices that also features interactive participation with content. |
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| Information and entertainment for audience. Including newspapers, radio and television |
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| The idea that the president has direct connection with the public. Made possible with 21st century media |
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| The blurred line between news and entertainment |
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| Democracy enhanced through the click of a mouse |
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A failed effort from Republican operatives to break into headquarters in the Watergate office complex in Wash DC
Caused President Nixon to lose presidency. |
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| A situation in which media outlets are ran by government but paid by tax dollars. (Me paying) |
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| Regulation that required media outlet to devote equal time to opposite perspectives. |
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| Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
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| Opened the door to far more competition by permitting companies to compete in multiple media markets(Radio, magazines, television) etc. |
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| Media stories with broad coverage and unambiguous messages. Reporting of story makes politicians look good or bad. Form of priming can change voters minds |
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The issues that media covers, public finds important, and politicians address.
Setting an agenda is the first step in a political action. |
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| The way politicians look at actions. affecting voters or poll respondents perceptions of candidates by raising issues that are perceived to enhance or diminish candidates |
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| Taking a political event or attack and publicizing it differently. Attitudes towards issues. Mass media looks at the issues. |
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| Short clip of speech taken from a longer piece of audio. Often refers to a brief excerpt from a speech by a candidate or politician. |
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| Time, Place, & Manner Clause |
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| The constitutional clause that delegates control of elections to the state government. |
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| A form of fundraising in which an individual persuades others to donate large amounts that are then delivered together to a candidate or campaign |
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| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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| An organization of at least fifty people, affiliated with with an interest group that is permitted to make contributions to candidates for federal office |
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| Organizations that are permitted to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote a candidate or publicize a cause. (they may not contribute directly to a candidate or campaign) |
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| Organizations governed by Section 527 of the federal tax code; they are allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts for issue advocacy (Ads cannot favor or unfavor candidate) |
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| An election that determines which candidate will represent a political party |
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| A local meeting at which registered members of a political party meet to select delegates representing presidential candidates |
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| Date on primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses |
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| The candidate receiving a simple majority receives all electoral votes or primary delegates |
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| Proportional Representation |
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| The allocation of votes or delegates on the basis of the percentage of the vote received; contrasts with the winner take all system |
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| The spike in the polls that follows an event such as a partys national convention |
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| The tendency for members of congress to win reelection in overwhelming numbers |
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| National elections held between presidential elections, involving all seats in the House of Representatives, one-third of those Senate 36 governors and other positions |
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| Redrawing an election district in a way that gives an advatage to one party |
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| A long list of potential donors whom candidates must phone |
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| A seat in congress without an incumbent running for reelection |
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| An advantage posed by a well-known political figure(Political celebrity) |
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| Running for office by attacking the opponent. Unpopular tactic that is very effective |
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| "Closed Circle" of policy makers |
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| Wars decided by this group. Must sell war to congress and US. Very small group. |
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| Gain support for the war. Persuasions aimed at emotions rather than intellect |
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Uses military force "reluctantly"
Put fear into the US inorder to support wars |
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| Peace as a Reason for War |
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| Spread freedom. Pity for others |
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| Echo whats said from white house. Govt uses media to sell public the war. Uses info from white house(Not further researched) |
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| Taking the military perspective |
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| Uses retired generals as experts. Experts "In war" Not "On" war. |
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Aug 2, 1964.
False Story
Media left story unchallenged |
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| Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction |
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| Used to persuade public(No real evidence) |
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| "Support the troops: Appeal |
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| Americans criticizing the war can risks troops safety. |
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| Contempt for Anti-War voices |
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saying anti war voices are bias
Media covered them up |
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| Pentagon works to manipulate the news. Believed media can sway public opinion |
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Help sway to "support war"
Praise latest technology by media |
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Greatly outnumbered military deaths
Increased each war |
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| About relationship with troops. Framing technique in order to avoid issues or certain questions |
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| War support went down after war started |
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| A major street in downtown WASH DC that is the home for man lobbying firms and advocacy groups |
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| An organization whose goal is to influence government |
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| A person who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue |
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| An interest group primarily organized around voluntary members (Often non profit or public advocacy ) |
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| Items distributed by public interest groups as incentives to sign up or remain a member |
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| Values or deeply held beliefs that inspire individuals to join a public interest group |
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| The feeling of shared commitment and purpose experienced by individuals who join a public interest group |
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| A collection of lobbyists working on related topics or specific legislative proposal. |
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| An open participatory style of government in which many different interests are represented |
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| The collective effect of the sheer number of Washington lobbyists in slowing the process of American democratic policymaking |
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| The view that a small handful of wealthy influential Americans exercise extensive control over government decisions |
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| Long standing nickname for republican party; ironically, bestowed early in the part's history in the 1870's |
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| Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act |
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| The initial US statute spelling out requirements on lobbyists active in congress, passed in 1946 |
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| A regulation that eliminates (or sharply reduces the dollar amount of) gifts from interest groups to lawmakers |
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| The cozy relationship in one issue area between interest group lobbyist, congressional staffer and executive branch agency |
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| Shifting alliances of public and private interest groups, lawmakers, and other stakeholders all focused on the same policy area |
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| Attempts by government officials to influence interest groups on behalf of their preferred policies |
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| Intergovernmental Lobbying |
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Attempts by public officials in one part of the government to influence their counterparts else where
(In another branch or at a different state or local level |
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| THe senior figure in a party machine |
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| An election where candidates run as individuals without any party affiliation. Many towns and cities feature nonpartisan elections |
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| Education about how the government works and which policies one should support Provided by family, schools friends and other national institutions |
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| The broad organization of US politics comprising the two main parties, the coalition of supporters backing each the positions they take on major issues and each partys electoral achievements |
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| The portion of a political partys organization that comprises elected officials and candidates for office |
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| The portion pf a political party that includes activists, state/local leaders, and affiliated professionals like fundraising and PR experts |
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| The written statements of a partys core convictions and issue priorities. Generally revised every four years, in time for the national party convention |
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| The largest (and least organized) component of a political party, drawn from the public at large registered members and regular supporters |
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| A hierarchical arrangement of party workers often organized in an urban area to help integrate immigrants and minority groups into a political system Most active in the late 19th and early 20th century |
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| Broad series of economic programs and reforms introduced between 1933 and 1936 and associated with franklin Roosevelt administration |
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| A meeting of all house or senate members of one or the other main party usually to discuss political and policy strategies |
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| Periods during which at least one house of Congress is controlled by a party different from one occupying the white house |
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| One who votes for the same party for all officices on the ballot |
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| One who votes for at least one candidate from each party dividing ballot between 2 or more parties |
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| Party members who tend to vote loyally for their partys candidates in most elections |
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| Seek various finical gains or hope to prevent losses dominate the state's interest group environment. |
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| Groups that depend more on membership numbers than on money |
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| Push for a specific question to be decided on specific terms. |
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| These groups are distinguished from other organizations by the fact that they pursue goals to benefit society, not just their members |
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Proposition 22
(The local taxpayers, public safety and transportation act) |
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| An initiative to keep the state government from borrowing or raiding funds that voters have dedicated to public safety |
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| Refers to the activity that once went on in the foyers adjacent to the legislative chamber |
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| Advocates who work for several clients simultaneously |
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| Nonprofessional Lobbyists |
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| Typically conducted by individuals who live in the districts of targeted legislators |
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| Gives interest groups the opportunity to promote their policy proposals through initiatives and referenda |
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| Is an option when a group questions the legality of legislation, and in the recent years many groups have turned to the courts for a final interpretation of the law |
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Fair Political Practices Commission
(FPPC) |
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| investigates alleged violations of the Political Reform Act and is similar to the Federal Election Commission |
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| Form of democracy which empowers voters to remove officeholders at all levels of government between scheduled elections |
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| these committees are comprised of party candidates, office holders, county chairpersons and some appointed members |
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| Brief Political lives. Minor |
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| Candidates whom when their parties primary in these elections face the nominees of other parties in the november general election |
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| Permitted candidates of one party to seek the nominations of rival parties |
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| Eliminate party label for candidates in elections for judges school board members and local government officials |
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| must be done 15 days before election |
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| elections to select the nominees of each party for state elective office and the US congress. |
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| no matter what their own party, voters may choose their preferred candidate from any party |
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| Party leaders who tried to regain control of nominations by settling on favored candidates before primary elections |
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