Term
| What does the Constitution authorize presidents to do? First 6 |
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Definition
- Be commander in chief
- Consult his cabinet
- Issue pardons and reprives for fed. offenses (I someone commits A fed. crime, get a pardon from president.
- Make treaties (as long as senate ratifies them)
- Nominate fed. officials and judges (approved by senate)
- Appoint fed. officials during congressional recess
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Term
| What does the Constitution authorize presidents to do? Second 5 |
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Definition
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Provide info about the state of the Union
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Call a special session of Congress
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Recieve ambassadors and other public ministers\Make sure that then laws are faithfully executed
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Commision all the officers of the us
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Term
| If the pres were to have all of these responsibilities, what would happen? |
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Definition
| He would have too much power. |
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Term
| In the 19th century, what was the president known as? |
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Definition
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Term
What does being the clerk mean?
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Definition
| The president handed out fed govt jobs to people |
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Term
What is clerk also refered to as?
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of patronage. |
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Definition
| If the pres. was Demoocratic, then he would give jobs to democrats |
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Term
| What occupied his time in the 19th century? |
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Definition
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Term
who did the pres appoin in the 19th century for political gain?
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the pres rely heavily on his cabinet members? |
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Definition
| Because they guided national policy |
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Term
| What did old votinng cards use to look like in the 19th century? |
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Definition
Blue slip democratic
Red slip Republican also refered to as GOP |
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Term
| Who led the party in pres. election years? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the off years, what did he have very little of? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pres. had limited what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are notible failure likely due to? |
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Definition
| Constitutional Limitations |
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Term
| Where does real power primarily come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is the leader of the party? |
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Definition
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Term
| President has access to garner support, what does this mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the president gain more authority? since the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Under the modern presidency, what does the US become? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the US get this superpower? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the modern pres. get more involved in when us is a superpower? Whats an example of that? |
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Definition
Foreign policy
Moving Troops |
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Term
__________ of policy and complexity (more complex) of modern issues.
What does this word mean? |
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Definition
Nationalization
Things move from state to National |
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Term
| What was established to administer laws? (broad answer) |
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Definition
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Term
| Give some examples of the new agencies established to administer laws. (Bad wording of question... just handwritten notes on the side) |
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Definition
Exectutive branch administers new laws.
Pres. role is expanding
Impliment and enfore the laws. |
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Term
| How did the pres. get more authority? |
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Definition
| Congress delegated it too them |
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Term
| What did we have very little of in the 19th century when we had the separate ballats for dem. and Rep. |
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Definition
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Term
In the 19th century, if you had a majority vote with split ticket voting, what normally happened?
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Definition
usually pres had majority party in congress.
Like democratic with democratic |
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Term
| When did we get more split ticket voting? |
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Definition
| When we switched to the Australian Ballat |
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Term
| What was the Australian Ballat? |
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Definition
| Ballats crafted by the states. Take colors off so others couldn't tell who you voted for. (Unable to buy votes now) |
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Term
| What did the Australian Ballat lead to an increase of? (Don't say split ticket) |
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Definition
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Term
| What do modern pres. typically facen with the Australian Ballat? |
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Definition
| Divided govt more than unified govt |
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Term
| What did this force the pres. to use more of? |
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Definition
| limited powers to overcome opposition congress. |
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Term
| What are some of the limited powers of the pres? |
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Definition
| More vetos, executive agency creations, executive orders, national security directives, etc |
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Term
| What are the 4 main roles the modern pres plays? |
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Definition
- Commander in Chief
- Head of state
- Chief Executive
- Legislator
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Term
| Roles have ______ with the office. |
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Definition
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Term
| when pres. gain authority, who typically keeps it? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the pres. usually gain his authority? |
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Definition
| delegation, necessity, or "testing the constitutional waters" |
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Term
How does the pres Test the constitutional waters?
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Definition
| He will try something that he doesn't know if it is constitutional or not. |
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Term
| As commander in chief, what can the pres do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is congress unlikely to do once the pres. has moved the troops? but what can they do? |
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Definition
| deauthorize, stop sending them food and water etc. |
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Term
| What does the pres. have advantage in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a policy governing international relations. |
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Term
| What is now considered a "hollow check" on the president's power? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was an attempt by Congress to regain some control over military affairs? (Check that power a little) |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the war powers act of 1973? What war? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were two key provisions of the War powers act? |
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Definition
- Pres. must inform Congress within 48 hours of committing troopsin military action
- Operation must end within 60 days unless Congress approves an extension
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Term
| What did those two provisions serve as? |
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Definition
| Served to formalize what pres were already doing |
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Term
| It's ________ and _________ haven't been tested |
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Definition
| Constitutionality and effectiveness |
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Term
| What does the pres enjoy about this? |
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Definition
| He enjoys the First-mover advantage. (He acts first) |
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Term
| What does being the Head of State entitle? |
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Definition
| Recieves authority from Constitution |
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Term
| Under Head of state, the Pres can "receive _______ and other public _______" |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a country become a country in the US's eyes? |
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Definition
| We have to recognize them |
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Term
| What's another word for Head of State? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of majority do treaties require? Is this high or low transaction cost? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Any agreement for foreign countries. |
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Term
| How is most foreign policy conducted now? |
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Definition
| Overcome Via executive agreements |
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Term
| What are executive agreements? |
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Definition
| Agreement between executives |
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Term
What are the two quotes in the constitution about the Chief Exectutive?
VERY VAGUE |
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Definition
"The executive power shall be vested ion a pres of the USA"
President "shall take care that the Laws be faithfully executed" |
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Term
| What clause refeers to this- President "shall take care that the Laws be faithfully executed"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two things has given the pres specific administrative authority? |
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Definition
Delegation from congress
Exectutive orders |
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Term
| Congress does not include ______ in every law for how to _______ the law |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 reasons why Congress might occasionally leave implementation language vague? |
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Definition
| Maybe they don't want to make some tough decisions or Congress largely agrees with the pres |
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Term
| If they leave a law vague for the pres to implement it however he wants, what does this establish? |
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Definition
| Principal agent relationship |
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Term
| What is a Principal agent relationship? What does this come with? |
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Definition
Gives the pres authority.
Agency Loss- pres doesnt do what congress wants him to do |
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Term
For the Chief Exectutive: Exectutive orders,
In the 19th Century, the pres has little _______ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The pres tried to exert (to get) political control over policy through what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What could the pres. also use to exert control over exectutive branch agencies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are exectutive branch agencies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Theodore Roosevelt do with his executive orders? |
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Definition
| He took a more expansive view of the "take care"clause, issuing executive orders that amounted to changes in policy. (He directed bureacracy in which Congress didn't want him to |
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Term
| Roosevelts policy was caried on by his succesors... What did Nixon do? |
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Definition
| impounded funds to prevent implementation (impounded funds in US treasury. Witheld funds from laws, so they wouldn't get any money to execute the laws |
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Term
| Roosevelts policy was caried on by his succesors... What did Clinton do? |
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Definition
| Extending federal affirmation action guidelines to cover sexual orientation (can't deny someone a job for their sex) |
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Term
| Roosevelts policy was caried on by his succesors... What did Obama do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Defense of Marriage act? |
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Definition
| States don't have to recognize other states exercise for gay marriage |
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Term
| What is one of the president's most "clerical" tasks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the time, Congress does what to the pres. budget proposal? They sometimes call his budget ___________________________ |
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Definition
changes it.
Dead on Arrival |
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Term
| In the budget process, what is the first mover advantage? |
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Definition
| Allows pres to set the agenda and force Congress to make tough choices |
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Term
| In addition to coordination exectutive agencies, pres is chief exectutive over his ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| As the workload of the pres increased, what did he get in the 1930s? |
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Definition
| Staff. And congress appropriates more money |
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Term
To influence policy, presidents prevent administration officials (like Chief of staff for pres) from communicating with Congress via:
(2) |
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Definition
Gag rule and
Central Clearance |
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Term
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Definition
| Administrative officials can't speak with Congress at all unless authorized by department heads. |
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Term
| What is Central Clearance? |
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Definition
| All department communications to Congress that could affect future budgets must be pre-cleared by the president's Office of Management and Budget to ensure that they are consistent with the presidents policy (preferences) |
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Term
| What is it called when the president is the one that makes the decision? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| THE PRESIDENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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Term
| Pres decides whether or not to ______ the laws. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pres can command who to do certain things that he wants. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pres can remove subordinates if they are _______. What does this mean? |
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Definition
insubordinate
refuses to do the things he wants them to do |
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Term
| The previous question is the _______ _________ _________ |
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Definition
| Unitary Presidency Theory |
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Term
| What did Bush use to try to apply this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much constitutional authority does the pres have in the legislative area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three things that the pres can do in legislation? |
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Definition
Call special sessions of Congress
Veto Laws (article one)
Report state of the Union |
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Term
| Modern pres promote legislative ________ |
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Definition
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Term
He attempts to influence public
________ and his party |
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Definition
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Term
| What did framers intend the veto as? |
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Definition
| another bias against legislative action |
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Term
What didn't the framers want the pres to have with laws?
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Definition
| didn't them to have a say in what was in the law |
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Term
| Why do modern pres use the threat of veto? |
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Definition
| to force Congress to include or exclude provisions to satisfy what the pres wants. (pres says, if you keep the bill like this, then i will veto it) |
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Term
| What would every pres like to have when vetoing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who struck the line-item veto down? and who was the only president to ever use it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has the power for Shameless plug? |
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Definition
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Term
| When mobilizing public opinion, the pres can choose to go public with his proposal... Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whhat are two examples of him going public? |
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Definition
State of the union (his ideas of legislation)
and
Televised appearances |
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Term
| What do the pres and congress share? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the pres go public with his proposal? |
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Definition
| Because he hopes to put pressure on Congress by influencing constituents' opinions |
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Term
| What can the pres also use to influence Congress? |
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Definition
| popularity as Political Capital |
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Term
| What is political Capital? |
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Definition
| How much political power he has |
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Term
| Who was the first vice president? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did John adams think about the Vice Presidency? |
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Definition
| He thi=ought it was the worst thing. All he did was wait for the pres. to die or resign |
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Term
| Who said that the Vice Presidency should be balanced out or it should compensate for some short coming at the top of the ballet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are vice presidents typically chosen? |
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Definition
| They are typically chosen to compensate for some short coming at the top of the ticket. (If the pres isn't good at foreign policy, then he finds a good vp for that) |
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Term
| What does the pres rely yon the VP in congress? |
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Definition
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Term
| VP can be an _______ ________ to the president. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a unilateral president? |
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Definition
| The president can act alone. |
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Term
| What does the president getting the first move do to Congress and the Courts? |
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Definition
| Forces them to take a more reactive (not proactive) role |
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Term
| What are 5 "first mover"/ Unilateral President choices from the president? |
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Definition
- Executive orders (doesn't need congress)
- Veto (Threat)
- Executive agreements (doesn't need support)
- Signing statements
- Recess appointments (Constitutional Law)
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Term
| What are recess appointments? |
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Definition
| When Congress is not in session, certain spots are filled. |
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Term
(Don't have to know that much just read through)
What are 3 pros of a Unilateral President? |
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Definition
- Quick response to crises (move troops)
- Lower trans. cost
- Easier to blame one person than entirety of Congress
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