Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the single most important fact to remember about the News Media? |
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Definition
| It was developed primarily as private business enterprises uncontrolled by the government |
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Term
| What are news' primarily motivated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does free market allow? |
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Definition
| It allows the media to provide vital civil information to public (mostly) with integrity (being mostly honest) |
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Term
| What are three ways to select the news? |
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Definition
1. The authority and status of the source
2. The level of controversy, conflict, and disagreements
3. Negativity- bad news gets better ratings than good news |
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Term
| Back in the day, what was the problem with Newspapers? |
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Definition
| They were way to expensive |
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Term
| What were newspapers mostly run by?(2) |
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Definition
| Print shop owners and postmasters who already had printing presses |
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Term
| Since newspapers were so expensive, what did they have to turn to for more subsidies (money)? |
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Definition
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Term
| When newspapers looked towards parties for money, what were they? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the spoils system do for the newspaper? |
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Definition
| It allowed postmaster positions to loyal partisan paper owners |
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Term
| What did the government have back in the day relating with newspapers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was an alternative to party subsidies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steam Power + Better presses= cheaper newspapers |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a better press? |
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Definition
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Term
| What newspaper sold for a penny? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was it called when newspapers sold for a penny? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the productions of newspapers became cheaper, what happened? |
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Definition
| The ideas of the "news" became shifted because it is then not all about political news, publishers wanted to reach a mass audience |
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Term
| What was the years from 1883 to 1925 called? Why? |
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Definition
The Golden Age of Newspapers
Newspapers dominated |
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Term
| In the Golden Age of Newspaper, how was National political news proceeded? |
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Definition
| Either through newspapers or not at all |
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Term
| Since the national political news proceeded through newspapers or nat at all in the Golden Age of Newspaper what did this have on communication? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Golden Age of Newspaper, what did publishers gain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two very powerful publishers, and what were there papers called? |
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Definition
Joseph Pulitzer (New York World)
William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal) |
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Term
| In the Golden Age of Newspaper, what was there an advent of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Yellow Journalism marked by? |
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Definition
| Sensational Stories, and screaming headlines |
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Term
| Under Yellow Journalism, what did publishers need more of and why? |
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Definition
| Readers to expand profits |
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Term
| In Yellow Journalism, what did big publishers like Hearts and Pulitzer care first and formost about? Did it really matter if there stories were true? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a story not being true during Yellow Journalism? |
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Definition
| A dubious claim that the USS Maine was sunk by a Spanish mine, and this started the Spanish-American War |
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Term
| What are two things that sort of messed up newspapers? |
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Definition
The emergence of Radio and Television
(Declining circulation figures and the substitution of quicker media formats) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| At first, what did radios play when it came to news? why? What did radios later do to newspapers? |
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Definition
Only brief headlines because they didn't think they could compete with newspapers.
Drew advertising away |
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Term
| What did FDR create that demonstrated the power of radio news? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where people could listen to the president on the radio |
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Term
| What drew advertising away from radios? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of the radio disseminating some political information? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was talk radio dominated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did television grow exponentially? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1960, what was the percent of households had television sets? What about the amount that had two sets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the era of broadcast news? |
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Definition
| There were three major national stations who had local affiliates |
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Term
| In the era of broadcast news, what were the three major national stations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were network news anchors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drew the audience away from network news? |
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Definition
| The emergence of cable television |
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Term
| What emerged because of the dominance of the market by the three major networks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were two regulations that came about during the three major networks? |
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Definition
| Equal Time provisions and the fairness doctrine |
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Term
| What did equal time provisions require? |
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Definition
| required stations to provide equal access to candidates for office. (So like both parties had to be given the same opportunities to talk) |
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Term
| What did the fairness doctrine require? |
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Definition
| It required local stations to devote a certain amount of time to public affairs (political) programming, and that such programming be fair and balanced |
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Term
| What is a law today that is on television companies? |
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Definition
| A company cannot own more than 39% of the National television audience |
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Term
| What did the Federal Communications Commision (FCC) prohibit? |
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Definition
| The cross-ownership of newspapers and television stations covering the same area |
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Term
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Definition
| Cable/Satellite Television |
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Term
| What did cable/satellite television offer? |
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Definition
| Hundreds of viewing options |
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Term
| What did cable/satellite television do to households? |
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Definition
| Fewer households turned to evening news programs |
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Term
| What kind of news was there a rise of in cable/satellite television? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three main cable news channels? |
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Definition
| Fox News, MSNBC, CNN etc. |
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Term
| What is infotainment, and what are two examples? |
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Definition
| It blends information and news, and the Daily Show and the Colbert Report |
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Term
| What kind of charges were there against Fox, MSNBE, and etc.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has not yet realized its full potential as information medium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three examples of Interwebs? |
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Definition
Blogs
Youtube
Social Media- (facebook... etc) |
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Term
| Who used facebook as a sort of advertisement to his campaign and when? |
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Definition
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Term
| When I go to a news website one hour, and then go to the same site another hour, it shows different information. What is this refered to as? |
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Definition
| Ever-changing news. (It has a quicker way of disseminating information which calles for higher market competition) |
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Term
| What has Interwebs NOT yielded? Why? |
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Definition
| Better informed citizenry. because there are a lot of non-news options even though there is more news options |
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Term
| Web surfers have the option to find a news source to match what? |
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Definition
| Their political predispositions |
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Term
| Since web surfers have the option to find a news source to match their political predisposition, what can this insulate you from? |
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Definition
| non-like-minded information |
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Term
| What are two things that the content in the news is determined by? |
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Definition
| The target audience and the carrying capacity |
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Term
| What does the news normally target? (3) |
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Definition
| local national and has allowed room for niche news |
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Term
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Definition
| Targeting a very specific audience |
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Term
| What is carrying capacity? |
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Definition
| The amount of information a particular technology can economically provide to its audience |
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Term
| What are 5 examples of things that have carrying capacities? |
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Definition
Internet
Cable news
Network news
Radio
Newspapers |
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Term
| For most of American media's history, who were the main focus to capture as many readers/ viewers/ listeners as possible? |
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Definition
| The ideologically "median" audience |
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Term
| With cable and Internet, it is cheap to create news, so who can stations and sites target? |
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Definition
| ideologically extreme viewers |
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Term
| What grew because they thought there was too much bias in the news leading towards liberals? |
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Definition
| A market for conservative media (fox news) |
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Term
| What does consumer preferences drive? That drives what? |
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Definition
| Market, and market drives media sources. |
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Term
| What is the number one source of news? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is gaining on television? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of program blends news and entertainment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three types of Infotainment? |
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Definition
| Talk shows Political comedy Tabloid "news" |
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Term
| What are the two news makers? |
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Definition
| Politicians and Public Officials |
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Term
| When politicians engage in news making, what are they trying to influence? |
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Definition
| The course of political events |
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Term
| What is something that reporters have to keep an eye on? |
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Definition
| their audiences interest in the proposed story |
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Term
| What do politicians want to influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two important things that reporters try to do? |
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Definition
| get their story published and attract viewers/readers |
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Term
| What is there a tension of between politicians and reporters? |
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Definition
| reciprocity and competition |
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Term
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Definition
| When politicians give the media a great story and want something in return |
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Term
| What are two audiences that politicians target when making the news? |
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Definition
| The public and fellow politicians |
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Term
| What is the best way to elicit response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the press secretaries job? |
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Definition
| To generate favorable news about the officeholder. (Deflects bad news) |
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Term
| Who has the biggest job of all in the press secretaries? |
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Definition
| The President's press secretary |
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Term
| Who is the current press secretary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were most press secretaries? (2) |
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Definition
| experienced campaign operatives and former journalist |
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Term
| What is a discreet news-making strategy where a person gives consensual information to the news media on the condition that its source not be identified by name? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a news leak? |
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Definition
| The Watergate scandal. "Deep Throat" leaked information to the Washington Post reporters Woodward and Bernstein about the Watergate scandal. |
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Term
| Roles of reporters is so pivotal to making news that a professional what has grown up around the job? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reporters make initial decisions about a story's what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two things that reporters have to do with their stories? |
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Definition
| Sell it to editors and advocate their stories |
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Term
| Since we are on a 24 hour news cycle there is a thirst for information, what is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a division of labor for news agencies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the term the beat come from? |
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Definition
| Police officers walking a beat. |
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Term
| What are three examples of reporters getting assigned to a beat? |
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Definition
| Reporting specifically on: the white house, Supreme Court, and Congress |
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Term
| What happens if a beat has zero news to report? |
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Definition
| he still has to report something |
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Term
| Who are agencies that are not on a beat more likely or less likely to produce news? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the beat system encourage? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where you see a lot of the same stories being produced because they get their most important information of the day from one room |
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Term
| In the "good old days", how did reporters get a lot of their information? What did this reduce? |
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Definition
| A few reporters gathered together to organize themselves professionally and they agreed to share their stories, and to reduce cutthroat competition |
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Term
| In the "good old days", what kind of relationships did a few of the politicians who sought to influence the news have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is/was the main focus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Now the politicians have a strained relationship. When did this arise? |
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Definition
| When reporters became watchdogs after Watergate and Vietnam |
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Term
| What do many reporters compete for nowadays? |
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Definition
| Limited information causing cutthroat competition |
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Term
| What kind of journalism is there today? |
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Definition
| Television-based journalism |
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Term
| What is Television-based journalism refereed to as and why? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are there many many many charges of in media? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is bias difficult or easy to demonstrate definitely? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Because the media outlets respond to their audiences |
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Term
| What two channels emerged because of a market for conservative (liberal) media? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most popular cable news network? |
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Definition
| Fox News because it is extremely conservative |
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