Term
| The new political vocabulary that emerged in the 1940s (K) |
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Definition
| People were generally beginning to view government differently and instead of viewing government as a tyrannical and incompetent "Big man", they started to respect government as protectors and a group of agencies to split the blame upon. |
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Term
| The manner in which policies were aimed at "unrecognized groups" during the New Deal (K) |
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Definition
| The new deal included several new policies which would be acknowledge and help out minorities such as agriculture, allowing Japanese to take shelter in America, and enforced Flag Saluting |
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Term
| The GI Bill and its implication as social policy (K) |
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Definition
| The Government would give advantages to honorably discharged military such as a year of unemployment compensation, funding for further education, requiring most employers to hire veterans where possible, low investment (for starting businesses) and low mortgage rates. |
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Term
| Why Keller considers the Kennedy-Johnson Presidencies the "last hurrah" of the New Deal (K) |
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Definition
| From page 224 "An assertive foreign policy; a domestic agenda responsive to organized labor, cities, minorities, and the poor; and heavy reliance on social science expertise where characteristics of the Kennedy-Johnson years". When Lyndon B Johnson had to fill in as president after the JFK assassination, he shifted focus more from the economic programs and more into social programs. |
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Term
| Why Eisenhower was considered a "plebiscitary President" (K) |
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Definition
| Dwight Eisenhower stood strongly for his beliefs in a middle class, such as criticising people who wanted to reduce social security/labor laws/farm programs and made a department for Health Education and Welfare, sent troops to schools to prevent discrimination, and even helped back the federal highway act of 1956. |
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Term
| Why is it that as the state (Government) grew, public trust in it declined? (K) |
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Definition
| ??The more power a government has, the more likely it is to make an irrational decision with large power and create large consequences for Americans?? |
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Term
| The impact of the Political Action Committee (PAC) funding of campaign financing (K) |
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Definition
| As PACs funded campaigns, it was showing more as a challenge of free speech rights rather tan just supporting a campaign |
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Term
| Implied powers under the Constitution (L&H) |
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Definition
| Powers that are not strictly defined/stated by the Constitution are usually implied |
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Term
| Standing committee of the Congress (L&H) |
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Definition
| ?Permanent Legislative panels in Congress? |
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Term
| The imperial versus imperiled Presidency (L&H) |
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Definition
The Imperial presidency suggests that the president has too much power
The Imperiled presidency suggests that the president has too little power |
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Term
| The employment Act of 1946 (L&H) |
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Definition
| A law stating that financial consequences for unemployment are the Government's fault |
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Term
| The emergency Economic Stabilization act of 2008 (L&H) |
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Definition
| Allowed the government (treasury) to invest money into failing businesses in an attempt to restore balances to each industry and consequently restore economic stability/ |
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Term
| The "sole organ" doctrine of the Presidency (L&H) |
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Definition
| The Constitution states that the President is the "Sole Organ" in dealing with foreign nations affairs. |
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Term
| The "liberal nationalism" era in the Supreme Court (L&H) |
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Definition
| The supreme courts cases mostly focused on civil rights/keeping government away from interfering with people's rights such as the right to a lawyer and not to have to recite a public prayer in school. |
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Term
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Definition
| Establishes Judicial Review, where if a law is deemed controversial (for interpretation) against the constitution, the Supreme Court has the choice of deeming the law as constitutional or not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sometimes, a court decision is made based on political/person on views rather than interpretations of the law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Court decisions are sometimes used as landmark cases to help with/influence decisions in similar future cases. |
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Term
| The "end of the institutionalized press" (L&H) |
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Definition
| As technology becomes more available, so does the means to access |
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Term
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Definition
| The government may censor someone before they start talking in case they accidentally say something that might exploit/defame/harm the government |
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Term
| The FCC fairness doctrine (L&H) |
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Definition
| Broadcasters talking about a controversial issue had to act unbiased while talking about the issue |
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Term
| Why the FCC did NOT rule the movie "Saving Private Ryan" as indecent (L&H) |
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Definition
| The film was intended as a tribute to soldiers and not as a film intending to shock people. |
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Term
| Political action committees (PACs) (L&H) |
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Definition
| A type of group who uses money either for or against a campaign. |
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Term
| To what do the terms "populist" and "bureaucratic" refer in Keller's identification of the Populist Bureaucratic Regime? (K) |
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Definition
Populist- Public affairs are defined increasingly by voices outside of the government apparatus claiming to speak for particular social interests or for the people at large.
Bureaucratic- Relying on government agencies and the courts to define and enforce public policy. |
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Term
| Describe the transformations WITHIN the Democratic Party identified with Franklin Roosevelt (K) |
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Definition
| ?Herbert Hoover (a Republican) betrayed a promise to stop negative Black portrayal in media, and caused a backlash, making many Blacks become Democratic and vote for FDR, as well as Democrats gaining 75% of the congress and winning 26/33 State elections? |
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Term
| Transformations in national politics initiated by Franklin Roosevelt (K) |
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Definition
| The national government overall had a more defined role in national economics (not budget), such as laissez-faire now preventing government from interfering in private trades. |
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Term
| What has been the impact of the growth in "safe constituencies" in Congress (K) |
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Definition
| ??The government adding in more people brings in the penalty of another person who will argue against passing something such as a new law, making less laws be passed?? |
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Term
| Causes of the collapse of the political consensus of the 1950s (K) |
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Definition
| The Political Consensus of the 1950s (a post war economic plan) collapsed when the price of oil suddenly spiked from 3 dollars a barrel to 12 dollars, as well as strikes in the mining industry and a drop in the value of the pound. |
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Term
| The characteristics of the "age of de-alignment" (K) |
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Definition
| ?When the slave-holders and slaves split off, slaves who fled to the mid-atlantic states had chosen to stay there, in part of the highly profitable industrial economy. Most others chose to move from the slaves states further west, bringing their fortunes out of the south atlantic states and into the western states?? |
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Term
| Why has neither party achieved "normal majority" status since the 1930s? (K) |
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Definition
| Since the 1930s, minority groups have been given several rights, including the right to vote. The minority has thus been holding a near majority stake in elections |
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Term
| Identify and explain the three dominant regime structures in American politics, and their approximate dates, from the colonial period to the present (K)) |
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Definition
1. The Deferential-Republican Regime: 1600s-1800s. Americans were starting to branch off and form a government they felt civilians were able to respect
2. The Party-Democratic Regime: 1800s to 1930s. Civilians were eventually wanting to know that they were getting heard by government, and almost split the country, but instead ended up making 2 separate groups. Later on during this regime, America had to deal with parties/groups fleeing and causing a discrepancy within the economy
3. The Populist Bureaucratic Regime- 1930s to Present. Government was starting to act more localized and focusing not just on national issues, but also giving more attention to civilian issues, starting with the great depression, and later helping to accommodate certain groups (such as disabled, religious, race, ...) |
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Term
| The basic functions of Congress (L&H) |
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Definition
| Legislation (Lawmaking), Representation (of civilians and their interests), Legislative oversight, Investigation, Constituate problems (Judicial). |
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Term
| The implied powers of the Presidency (L&H) |
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Definition
Firing- If the President can appoint someone to office they can also strip their position.
Executive privilege- The president has no obligation to share anything they are talking about
Executive Agreements- The president may make a treaty with other countries' leaders without having to get senate involved
Executive order- The president can choose how specifically an order (such as a new law) is to be executed |
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Term
| How interest groups play both offense and defense in health care (L&H) |
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Definition
| Health care has sometimes been criticized by interests groups for things such as workers leaching the benefits and inadvertently causing economic problems, though health care is also defended because not everyone has the money to do without health care. |
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Term
| Clinton's record on platform promises and the circumstances that should have worked against his success in fulfilling them, according to Carl Cannon |
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Definition
| Clinton made some of the most promises as a president, and fulfilled around 70% of them. Many of these promises seemed to be proposed too irrationally, but even the promises he made before getting elected were executed within the first week of his presidency, such as police and handgun safety rules. Notable detriments include failing to live up to his promise of not increasing taxes and the Lewinsky Scandal, eventually getting Clinton impeached for his immorality. |
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Term
| Explain Arthur Miller's fascination with Clinton as president and how Clinton matched public expectations |
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Definition
| Arthur Miller was pleased with Bill Clinton being able to be a "Man of the People" and keep himself collected (even on camera in the middle of the Lewinsky scandal) |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The notion of inalienable rights |
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Definition
| God Given/Natural rights- (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) Are rights which every man is entitled to and can't be taken away |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Sources of individual sovereignty and how it is reflected in "representation" |
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Definition
| The theory that man is capable of making moral and economic decisions for himself and can be penalized by government for poor moral decisions. The individual also has sovereignty in the way that they can choose to backup their money into government and have it insured in case a poor economic choice leads to a lossn |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Different constitutional notions of "The People" |
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Definition
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The assumption of popular sovereignty and how it is reflected in Congress |
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Definition
| ?The notion that government is only allowed because it is permitted by the people who are being governed? |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The Bill of Rights and other fundamental rights not included in Amendments 1-10 |
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Definition
| The federal government shall not establish a national religion (or otherwise pressure religion), citizens are allowed free speech (and have no judicial consequences for speaking out against government), citizens may bear firearms (if concealed), searches may not take place without a warrant or reasonable cause (as well as arrests), various court rights such as double jeopardy (person may not be tried twice for same crime) and trial by jury (where a small panel of civilians direct a judge) |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The incorporation doctrine and how federally-protected rights relate to states' rights |
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Definition
| The incorporation doctrine enforces the states to uphold the bill of rights and forces a national standard which in turn follows the bill of rights. This also implies that state governments can have repercussions for deviations (such as government taking away funds) |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Various levels of constitutional (Madisonian) restrictions on Congressional authority to make law |
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Definition
| Bill of Rights 1-10, Countervailing powers, 10th/14th ammendments, Congress can't agree on what the standard for general welfare is and always ends up thinking their decision will hurt someone. |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution |
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Definition
| Shows what congress can do, mostly involving wars, economic regulations, mostly tying into foreign policies. |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The constitutional relationship between the Congress and federal bureaucracy |
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Definition
| Congress does all the work for the President, whom is viewed of more as their chore boy, having the final say on what should and should not be done. |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Individual and collective notions of electoral accountability |
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Definition
| ??Citizens have to trust that the voting systems are not hacked or otherwise going to manipulate their vote and that the government will be able to give an honest representation of the votes/trust electoral college is not going to distort votes.?? |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The role of judicial review regarding Congressional actions |
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Definition
| Congress's actions may be blocked if they are deemed to be surpassing a higher authority. |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The initial conception of the role of the Electoral College and whether it is still germane today |
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Definition
| The electoral college was initially designed as a "council of elders", filled with people who had prior experience with governance and would choose a leader on behalf of the people. Now, the Electoral College uses the Unit Rule which gives all votes from a state to whomever received majority in said state (If Clinton beat Trump by one vote in PA, ALL of PA's votes would go to Clinton). |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Responsibilities of the President as Chief Executive |
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Definition
Faithfully execute law
Negotiate treaties on behalf of the United States
Nominate/minister government employees/officials
Report to congress and take account f executive branch, make suggestions. |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) Avenues of Presidential leverage in the policy process |
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Definition
| The president can propose a law to congress, sign off on it/veto or stop a law (can be overridden), call a filibuster, which is a meeting used to discuss a proposed bill/law BEFORE being voted on (can be overridden by senators with a minimal 60/100 vote to prevent president from trying to stall law.). |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) How presidents achieve "greatness" in reputational analysis among historians |
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Definition
| Presidents have certain responsibilities and are gauged by how well they were fulfilled (especially during circumstances such as war and depression), and also personality. |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The constitutional role of impeachment |
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Definition
| The President is accountable to congress, and can be impeached (or stripped of power) if they are they acting unlawfully (criminally/immorally, watergate (nixon spying on opponents)/lewinsky (Clinton caught in an affair)) |
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Term
| (Essay from in class material) The argument that Presidential authority has gone "too far" and whether/why that has occurred |
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Definition
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