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Political Science- Civil Liberties
Test 3- Collens
120
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
03/30/2013

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Who were conscerned about the tyranny (cruel and oppressive govt. rule) of the majority? (majority voting against minority)
Definition
Madison and other Founders
Term
Many of the founders wanted civil liberties. What are these?
Definition
the government could not mess with these
Term
In order to ratify the Constitution, Madison and other Federalists had to include what?
Definition
Bill of Rights
Term
What does the first nine Amendments provide?
Definition
Basic Civil liberties
Term
What did the First Amendment give us? (4)
Definition

the right to have No established religion

no prohibition of free exercise of religion

freedom of speech and press

right of assembly and petetion for redress of grievances

Term
What did the Second Amendment give us?
Definition
the right to bear arms
Term
What did the Third Amendment give us?
Definition
there will be no quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent
Term
What did the Fourth Amendment give us?
Definition
there will be no unreasonable searches or seizures
Term
What did the Fifth Amendment give us? (4)
Definition

 there will be no double jeopardy

we have the right against self-incrimination

due process of law

right to propert

Term
What is Self incrimination?
Definition
Can't force someone to confess
Term
What are the sixth and seventh Amendment refered to as?
Definition
the trial rights
Term
What does the Eight Amendment give us? (2)
Definition

There should be no excessive bail

no cruel and unusual punishment

Term
What does the Ninth Amendment tell us?
Definition
this list does not deny or disparge the existence of other rights
Term
What is due process of law?
Definition
Fair treatment through the normal judicial system
Term
What is double jeopardy?
Definition
can't be tried for the same crime twice in the same court
Term
What is incorporation?
Definition
the Supreme Court rules that it extends the Bill of Rights to cover the states.
Term
Which does the 14th Amendment allow for?
Definition
due process of law and equal protection of laws for ALL persons
Term
What is equal protection of laws?
Definition
If a foreign person comes to the US, that person has to follow all of the laws of the United States of America
Term
What is selective incorporation?
Definition
A gradual process of strking down laws.
Term
What Amendment is a good example of selective incorporation?
Definition
2nd Amendment
Term
What are two confusing liberties? (they have the word right in their name)
Definition
Major and Peripheral Rights
Term
What are majority rights?
Definition
they have been litigated heavily and developed in detail by the Court (Changed a lot)
Term
What are peripheral rights?
Definition
the parameters have not been fully developed yet in court (Some changes, but still questioning)
Term
What are three peripheral rights?
Definition

Right of assembly (I)

Right of protection from government taking privat property without just compensation (V)

Right to bear arms- until recently (II)

Term
What is an example of the Right of protection from government taking privat property without just compensation? (Vocabulary Word)
Definition
Eminent Domain
Term
What is eminent domain?
Definition
taking private land for public use
Term
Freedom of speech is also what?
Definition
political expression
Term
The First Amendment is vague on the Freedom of Speech.
Definition
This is a fact.
Term
We love this idea in theory, but inpractice it's a bit more _________.
Definition
Controversial
Term
In 1996 what percent of people said that gays should be allowed to deliver public speeches?
Definition
83%
Term
What percent of people in 1996 said that a neo- Nazi should be allowed to deliver a public speech against Jews, Catholics, blacks, Hispanics, Mormons, etc.?
Definition
63%
Term
What was the Freedom of speech witten to specifically protect?
Definition
Controversial speech
Term
What is a term for someone that is likely to get hurt?
Definition
imminent
Term
When is the Freedom of Speech not protected?
Definition
if someone is likely to get hurt
Term
What did the Schenk v. United States case of 1919 establish?
Definition
The clear and present danger test
Term
What is the clear and present danger test?
Definition
If there is any clear and present danger to the US, you can strike it down and stop it
Term
What did the case Brandenburg v. Ohio case of 1969 establish?
Definition
the direct incitement test
Term
What is the direct incitement test?
Definition
if someone is trying to get someone to do something illegal, then they can stike it down
Term
What did the Texas v. Johnson case of 1989 protect?
Definition
flag burning
Term
What did the Court case Miller v. California declare?
Definition
(obscenity) if something is obscene, it is unprotected
Term
What are the three things that determines if something is prurient?
Definition
  • It is intended to appeal to "prurient interests" (sexual)
  • It is "patently offensive" i depicting or describing sexual conduct or excretory functions
  • "It lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value"

 

Term
What did the court decide in the Hustler Magazine v. Falwell case of 1988 case say?
Definition
parody of public figures is protected, as it is clearly a parody and not slander and not libel.
Term
What is Slander? What is Libel?
Definition

Verbal

Written

Term
In the case Miller v. California, why was Miller arrested?
Definition

He mailed porn magazines (obscene)

Sorry i went out of order

Term
What protected speech for individuals and corporations? What case?
Definition

Campagin donations

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Term
Is money speech?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the Freedom of Assembly?
Definition
The right of the people peacebly to assemble
Term
Where can people not assemble and protest?
Definition
Outside a place of residence
Term
It allows for ________ regulations of assemble
Definition
reasonable
Term
Can the government prevent media from publishing something (a story)?
Definition
yes
Term
What is the government prevent media from publishing something (a story)?
Definition

Prior restraint

 

Term
What is gag order?
Definition
When the government prevents all media coverage about a trial because it is very sensative.
Term
What did the court case New York Times v. United States in 1971 say?
Definition
Court said that the national government must meet burden of proof to enforce prior restraint
Term
What is the burden of proof?
Definition
The national Govt. has to prove that they have the right to stop publication
Term
What is Madison and Jefferson's interpretation that the Freedom of Religion in the First Amendment would do?
Definition
Place a wall of separation between the church and state
Term
What is Madison and Jefferson's belief in religion?
Definition
they were deists
Term
What is deists?
Definition

Believe that God created the world, but does nothing else

Athiests

Term
What two clauses was there tension between?
Definition

Free exercise clause

Establishment clause

Term
Establishment: What did many public schools use to have?
Definition
Bible studies
Term
Establishment: What did the court case Lemon v. Kurtzman establish?
Definition
the Lemon test for legislative concerning religion.
Term
Establishment: What is the general test today?
Definition
neutrality test
Term
Establishment: What question do you ask in the neutrality test?
Definition
Does a government action unfairly favor a religious group over a secular group?
Term
Free Exercise: Most cases dealing with free excercise address what?
Definition
a broader law that religious groups seek to gain exceptions from these laws
Term
What did the case Employment Division v. Smith in 1990 declare?
Definition
If a law is intended to apply generally, there in no violation
Term
How did Congress respond to the case Employment Division v. Smith in 1990?
Definition
With the Religious Freedom Restoration Act
Term
What is the Religious Freedom Restoration Act?
Definition
Wanted to give groups exemptions for their religious beliefs
Term
Did the Religious Freedom Restoration Act succeed?
Definition
partially struck down
Term
What did the Religious Freedom Restoration Act deal with, and not deal with? (it was only partially struck down)
Definition
Dealt with Federal law, but not State law
Term
What is the background story on the Employment Division v. Smith case of 1990?
Definition
Native Americans were being dismissed from drug counciling jobs for using drugs. Smoking peyote was their religious belief, and they were released because of that
Term
What part of the Second Amendment is a major controversial debate? (one part in the sentence)
Definition
A well regulated Militia (dictionary definition: a military force of civilians in an emergency)
Term
The Second Amendment was historically interpreted to protect gun ownership for a _______, not for ________
Definition

militia

individuals

Term
In 2008, what happened that dealt with the Second Amendment?
Definition
Court struck down DC's ban on guns
Term
What regulation has the Court allowed on the Second Amendment?
Definition
Background Checks
Term
Which Amendment deals with criminal Rights?
Definition
Fourth Amendment
Term
What kind of law enforcement did Great Britain pass in the colonies?
Definition
Arbitrary law enforcement system
Term
In the arbitrary law enforcement system, what could colonies do to the people?
Definition
They could send you back to Britain
Term
The founders new that they had to remove what from the law enforcement?
Definition
politics
Term
What can a cop not do to a person just because they don't like them?
Definition
Search them
Term
Several Amendments were ratified in the Bill of Rights to act as what?
Definition
Procedural safeguards
Term
What kind of incorporation is the Fourth Amendement?
Definition
Selective Incorporation
Term
In a court case, who does the public generally side with? rather than?
Definition
sides with victim rather than accused
Term
What is arguably why the founders wanted the Fourth Amendment?
Definition
They knew the accused are going to be unpopular because public generally sides with victims
Term
What does the Fourth Amendment protect people from?
Definition
unreasonable searches and seizures
Term
What is so hard about warrents for cops?
Definition
they have to be very specific. Like finding a bloody knife, you have to say you were looking for a bloody knife
Term
When are searches legal without a warrent? (3)
Definition

Arrest

Hot pursuit

Plain View

Term
What did the case Mapp v. Ohio in 1971 say?
Definition
Illegally obtained evidence cannot be admitted in trial
Term
What is the exclusionary rule?
Definition
You can ask to exlude evidence from the trial because it was illegally obtained.
Term
Since we have technology, what does that create?
Definition
new issues
Term
Where do we get the Miranda Rights from?
Definition
Fifth Amendment
Term
What did the case Miranda v. Arizona in 1966 say?
Definition
Suspects must be advised of their rights to remain silent, as confessions obtained are permissable at trial
Term
What is it called when suspects must be advised of their rights to remain silent, as confessions obtained are permissable at trial know as?
Definition
Miranda Rule
Term
What is another prohibition in the Fifth Amendment?
Definition
Double Jeopardy
Term
What is double jeopardy?
Definition
A person cannot be tried twice for the same crime in the same court.
Term
What does double jeopardy generally not cover?
Definition
Mistrials
Term
What are mistrials?
Definition
When jurors have pre-information.
Term
When can a person be tried twice for the same crime?
Definition
If the crime violates two separate statues and the first trial only covered one of the statues.
Term
What kind of people are examples of a person being tried twice for the same crime?
Definition
Cereal killers in different states
Term
What does the Sixth Amendment allow do for the criminal? (2)
Definition

right to an attorney

right to trial by impartial jury

Term
What did the court case Gideon v. Wainwright in 1963 say?
Definition
Everyone has the right to counsel (attorney)
Term
What is the person that defends the people called?
Definition
Pubic Defender
Term
What does an impartial jury imply?
Definition
It implies that neither the pool of potential jurors be unrepresentative nor the selection process can be biased
Term
What is the pool of potential jurors?
Definition
once you register to vote, you are put on the pool to be on a jury
Term
Since blacks in the South were excluded from voter registration rolls, what were they not included in?
Definition
Pool of potential jurors
Term
The Eight Amendment says what? (3)
Definition

no excessive bail, no cruel or unusual punishments, and no excessive fines

 

 

Term
How much does bail money have to equal to?
Definition
Approximately the same for the crime

Term
What has been a debate with cruel and unusual punishment?
Definition
Death Penalty
Term
What did the Furman v. Georgia case in 1972 say?
Definition
Dealth penalty not inherently unconstitutional, but the manner in which it is applied is. (They put a de facto moratorium(temporary prohibition) on the death penalty) They re-examined their death penalty statues.
Term
What did the court case Gregg v. Georgia in 1976 say?
Definition

When applied without discrimination, it is constitutional

(African Americans sent almost all the time for death penalty, while whites, not so much)

Term
What are 4 things that the Court has decided to change since the Court case in 1976 about the death penalty?
Definition

No death penalty for mentally retarded (IQ under 60)

No death penalty for juveniles (under 18)

No death penalty for those who have raped (not killed) a child

No life without parole for juveniles

Term
Where in the Constitution is there a right to privacy?
Definition
Nowhere, it is implied
Term
Where do we get the implied rights from?
Definition
9th Amendment
Term
What are two explicit liberties where we get penumbras?
Definition

First Amendment- Freedom

Fourth Amendment- our property/home

Term
What is a penumbra?
Definition
its like a shadow of an object which means they imply the right to privacy
Term
What does the case Griswold v. Connecticut in 1965 deal with?
Definition
reproductive rights (can't use condoms, birth control, etc.) which is where the implied privacy rights has been most often discussed
Term
What did the Roe v. Wade case of 1973 do?
Definition
Legalized abortion to some extent
Term
What are two ways government can regulate/restrict abortions?
Definition

When the law does not place an "undue burden" on the right to privacy

Late term abortions, partial-birth abortions

Term
What aren't written in stone?
Definition

Civil liberties

(Court can decide one thing, and then some odd years later decide another)

Term
What did the justices Scalia and Thomas argue?
Definition
that we should stick to what the Founders had in mind when writing the Constitution
Term
What do other justices like Ginsburg and Scouter argue?
Definition
that the Constitution is a "living document" and that the Founders meant to be somewhat vague so as to allow for new issues/changes.
Term
What are constantly evolving?
Definition
Civil liberties
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