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Political Science
Test 2
47
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
10/18/2012

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Term
Turnout
Definition
The percentage of the eligible population that votes in the election.
Term
Suffrage
Definition
Right to vote.
Term
Franchise
Definition
Vote.
Term
Jacksonian Revolution
Definition
-Supporters force changes to election law.
-In 1828, turnout increases.
-Jackson easily defeats Adams.
-56% of white male population voted.
-Universal white male suffrage did not happen till just prior to the civil war.
Term
Black Suffrage & the 15th Amendment
Definition
-Ratified after the civil war.
-African- American received the right to vote.
Term
How was Black Suffrage opposed?
Definition
-The grandfather clause= If your grandfather could vote then you avoid the literacy test.
-Literacy Tests.
-Poll Taxes.
Term
1965 Voter Act
Definition
African- American rights were vindicated.
Term
When/Where was the first state to grant women the right to vote?
Definition
1890 in Wyoming.
Term
When was the 19th Amendment ratified?
Definition
1920.
Term
What is the 23rd Amendment?
Definition
Grants Washington the right to vote.
Term
What did the 26th Amendment do?
Definition
Reduce the voting age from 21 to 18.
Term
(no flip) States can set there on election rules.
Definition
Term
(no flip) Some states make felons wait a certain time before able to vote again.
Definition
Term
(no flip) Some states (mostly southern) don't allow felons to vote at all.
Definition
Term
Four reasons why registered people don't vote.
Definition
-Long waiting times.
-Lost wages for missing work.
-Lack of time to get to the polling place.
-Act of getting information required to vote takes effort.
Term
Four why people do vote.
Definition
-Might change the outcome of the election.
-Tangible benefits.
-Physiological benefits like you civil duty or being on the side of a winning party.
-Mobilization efforts.
Term
What percent of able people in the U.S. are not registered to vote?
Definition
30%.
Term
How is turnout/participation calculated in the U.S./Other nations
Definition
U.S.- number of eligible voters.
Other Nations- percentage of those who are eligible to vote.
Term
(no flip) Voting is voluntary in the U.S.; In some countries it is mandatory or there is a cost for not voting.
Definition
Term
(no flip) Some jury duty lists are made from the voter registration list.
Definition
Term
What are generational changes?
Definition
When an active group of voters is replaced by a less active group of voters.
Term
Who votes?
Definition
Age- Old
Income- High.
Education- High.
Race- White.
Term
Triparty
Definition
-Party organizations.
-Party role in government.
-Party role in the electorate.
Term
First Party system
Definition
Federalist Party.
Democratic Republic.
Federalists weaken after War of 1812.
Term
Second Party system
Definition
Deals with economics and territories.
Jacksonian Democrats.
Whig Party.
Lincoln wins election.
Martin Vanburen.
Term
The Third Party system (1860-1896)
Definition
Civil War reconstruction.
Party machine politics growth.
Term
The Fourth Party system (1895-1932)
Definition
Progressive Reform.
-Weakening patronage system.
-Weakening parties using direct primaries.
Initiatives, Referenda, and recall elections.
Progressives weaken after WWI.
Term
The Fifth Party system (1932-Present?)
Definition
New Deal era- response to the great depression.
Democrats- grow in popularity.
Republicans- Become part of big business and established interests.
Term
The Sixth Party system???
Definition
Divided Government.
No change in dominant parties.
Regional realignment in the South around issues of race.
Term
Duvenger's Law
Definition
Single member plurality system- once candidate for each office, winner is the individual who receives most votes, even if not the majority.
Term
Four decenetralized party ornganizations
Definition
National Committees.
Congressional campaign committees.
State party committees.
Local party organizations.
Term
17th Amendment
Definition
State legislator no longer picks senators, people now vote; Six Year terms.
Term
Westberry vs. Sanders 1961
Definition
Populations must be equal to their voting districts.
Term
Pork Barrel Spending
Definition
Projects that benefit the district.
Term
Blue Voting
Definition
When all members of an ethnic group vote for the same candidate or party.
Term
Filibuster
Definition
Unlimited Debate.
Term
What can cancel a filibuster?
Definition
A "super vote" 2/3 vote.
Term
Mark Up
Definition
Editing a bill.
Term
Term Limits
Definition
You can only run for office a limited amount of times.
Term
Valence Issues
Definition
Policy Matters on which the voters and the candidates share the same preference.
Term
Position Issues
Definition
Have two separate sides.
Term
Wedge Issues
Definition
When a member of an opposing party has a different idea from the other party.
Term
Descriptive Representation
Definition
The elected should resemble the represented.
Term
Oppo Research
Definition
Trying to expose the candidate for a worse choice from their past or stance.
Term
Issue Advocacy
Definition
Brings up an issue to make the candidate look bad though their views and character.
Term
Voter mobilization
Definition
Contacting people to persuade them to vote.
Term
Front Loading
Definition
Vying to hold a primary first to gain maximum exposure in the media.
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