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Cali. is one of 24 states where anyone with an idea and enough signatures on petitions take laws and constitutional amendments to their voters for their approval or rejection.
- only registed voters are entitled to sign the petiton
- 2 kinds of Initiatives-
1. Statewide constitutional amendment Initiative = # of signatures must be 8% of total votes for all canidates for gov and needed roughly (just under) 700,000 signatures for a constitutional amendment.
2. Statutory Initiative- has to force of law but is overridden by an conflicting provisions in the states constitution= 5% of the total vote for gov. - around 433,971 votes
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gives voters the power to overturn laws already passed by legislature and signed by the governer, as well as have the opportunity to approve constitutional amendments, bond issues, and other laws proposed by legislature.
Getting a Referendum bill passed is incredibly hard. it still required 5% of gov. votes BUT in half the time than the Initiative to recieve them. Out of the 50 attempts- only 39 qualified and only 25 were approved by voters. |
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| Civil Liberties in the Bill of Rights |
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the bill of rights were created due to citizens unhappy with the limited amount of civil liberties in their constitution. the Framers passed the Bill of rights making the constitution more democratic.
(Amendments look at other notecard) |
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| Civil Liberties and the Fight Against Terroism |
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* The US Patriot Act
* President Expanded the "Little use/ Little known" law that has secret access to Customer, telephones, & financial records
* Bush taking role as commander in chief- issued executive order authorizing use of military tribunals to try and noncitizen, whether arrested here or abroad, suspected of being tied directly or indirectly to acts of terrorism
*Detention of 1200 people/ Questioning 5,000 / tightning of visa restrictions and surveillance of muslim and middle easterns.
*president authorized indefinate detention w/o hearing of American citizen who were discovered to have been fighting against US.
*Secret Deportations
*president authorized VAST EAVESDROPPING |
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| First Amendment - Congress can not make laws with respect to the est. of religion. Congress may NOT abridge rights to freedom of Religion, Speech (press), Assembly |
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| Second Amendment - Right to KEEP and BEAR ARMS. |
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Third Amendment - NO quartering of troops in houses against owners will, EXCEPT in times of war. |
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Fourth Amendment - No unreasonable searches and sizures without Federal warrants based ONLY on probable cause. |
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Fifth Amendment - protected against "Double Jeopardy" Cannot be prosecuted more than once for the same crime and self incrimination.
Guaranteed against the deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
guaranteed just compensation for public use of their private property
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| Sixth Amendment - right to a speedy and public trial before an impartial jury. Right to face their acuser and to cross-examine witnesses |
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| Eigth Amendment - Excessive bail and fins are prohibited. Cruel and unusual punishments are prohibited. |
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