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Definition
| organized membership, pursuit of policy goals that fit with member interest's. |
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economic group
citizens group
public-interest groups
single-interest groups
ideological groups |
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business groups
labor groups
agricultureal groups
professional groups |
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| clean water and clean air groups |
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| come from liberal or conservative standpoints |
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| interest and interest groups |
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Definition
individual goods
collective goods
the free rider problem |
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| influence of interest groups |
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Definition
lobbying
access
lobbying and congress
lobbying and executive agencies |
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Term
| Congressonal responsibilities |
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Definition
representation
lawmaking
ovrsight |
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Term
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Definition
the efforts of elected officials to look out for the interests of the poeple who elected them
representation and national lawmaking
local interests
national interests
Balance |
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Definition
policy representation
allocative representation
casework
symbolic representation |
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Definition
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Term
| allocative representation |
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Definition
| congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district |
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individual problems
passport example |
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"howdy yall"
congressman from texas wearing cowboy boots |
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national problems
local interests
collective responsibility
fragmentation
strength: narrow issues
weakness: big issues |
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Definition
oversee the exectuive branch's implementation of the law and wise/careful spening on money
committees
challenges |
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Term
| how congress works- organization |
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Definition
differences between 2 houses of Congress:
checks and balances
intiate legislation (house does more)
identical bills
size 100/435
terms
senate: 6 years
House: 2 years
budget process
impeachment/indictment trial
house has the right to indict prez
senate holds impeachment trial |
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Term
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Definition
big population vs. small population
-under representation
-1/3 of the country could over rule 2/3 of thwat the country wants |
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Definition
equal representation
one voice, one vote
majoritarianism
small states and influence
-1/3 vs. 2/3
filibuster
limits debate
confirmation |
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Term
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Definition
| majority party rules leadership committees and getting on the right committee advancement seniority philosophical |
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Term
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Definition
-party
-committee
-committee system
-rules committee: sets rules of debate
-standing committee
-education, commerce, banking, trade, labor, etc.
-select committees
-deal with specific commission
-9/11 commission
-joint select committee
-members of both houses
-joint committees
-conference committees
division of labor
-more seniority a congressman has the more staff they have
committee assignments
congressional staff
-member staff
-committee staff
congressional bureaucracy
-CRS: congressional research service
-GAO: General Accounting Office |
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Term
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Definition
1. bill is introduced
bill could die
2. committee and subcommittee consider the bill and votes
bill could die
3. conferene committee resolves differences
bill could die
4. bill passes house and senate
5. president signs or vetos the bill |
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Term
| why a bill can die so often... |
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Definition
party affilition
symbolic nature |
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Term
| How Congress works- Politics |
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Definition
party discipline
logrolling
-pairing bills together to make stronger
-helps avoid all the killpoints
horse trading
-voting of party line in order to gain votes for your bill
-trading votes |
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Term
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Definition
public opinion
-people hate congress but love their congress people
congress vs. representation
-preceptions about congress
who gets elected
-incumbents generally always get elected |
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Term
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Definition
constituencies
-national
-congress
-partisan
-appealling to party base
-obama repealing "don't ask don't tell" policy
-congressional
-must keep congress happy
-keep all democrats on board (obama)
dual presidencies
-foreign policy
-domestic policy
-people vote based on a president's domestic agenda |
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Term
| Presidency and the constitution |
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Definition
constitution
-qualifications
-succession
-checks and balances
modern presidency
-inherent powers
-policy leadership |
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Term
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Definition
head of government
-chief administrator
head of state
legislative leadership
political leadership |
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Definition
3 types
-formal/expressed
-implied/inherent
-informal |
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Definition
veto power
commander-in-chief
appointment power
judicial appointments
pardon |
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Definition
-military intervention
-executive orders
-emergency powers
-war powers (only congress can declare)
-presidential power and the war on terrorism |
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Definition
-power to persuade
-bullying pulpit
-boss congress around
-going public
-power to persuade |
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Term
| Presidential power in policy making |
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Definition
-presidential popularity
-sources of popularity
-character and image
-honeymoon
-crises |
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Term
| organization of the federal bureaucracy |
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Definition
-cabinet (or executive) departments
-independent agencies
-enforcement
-regulatory agencies
-government corporations
-amtrak, fannie, freddie
-presidential commissions
-political, fiscal reform |
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Term
| staffing the federal bureaucracy |
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Definition
-patronage system
-responsive
-partisan loyalty
-merit system
-competent
-unresponsive
-neutral competence
-population growth |
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Term
| bureaucrats as policy makers |
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Definition
-policy implementation
-regulation
-rule making
-bureaucrats as policy makers
-iron triangles
-pink slime |
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Term
| bureaucratic accountability and discretion |
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Definition
-the street level bureaucrat
-distance from their boss/supervisor
discretion
fear is that bureaucrats may abuse the system and discriminating |
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Term
| how federal judges get appointed |
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Definition
-procedure
-presidential appointment
-put 4/5 names on "short list"
-sends list to senate judiciary to eliminate names they don't like
-ultimately president nominates one
-senate confirmation of senate confirmation block (where judge can't vote)
-decision between president and senate/senate judiciary
-politics
-merit
-ideology
-confirmation process
-confirmation limbo |
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Term
| how supreme court decides cases |
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Definition
-writ of certiorari
-judges vote on cases to hear
-4 must agree to hear
-usually hear less than 100 but more than 50 per year
-authority: judicial review
-new evidence is not introduced
-witnesses do not testify
-briefs and oral argments
-very regulated
-sometimes judges ask questions to the attorney's; arguing points of law
-chief justice has to manage the deliberation process
-work to build consensus if there is a split
-facts
-briefs
-arguments
-opinions
-precedent: stare decisis (let the discussion stand)
-based on "common law"used byt British
-judges want to be consistent
-all decisions based on previous las and decisions
-do this to be consistent, fair, maintain law and not have their decisions overturned |
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Term
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Definition
-judicial restraint
-when judges only look at the law/case in front of them
-judicial activism |
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Term
| difference of Civil rights and civil liberties |
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Definition
-civiil liberties are in the constitution to prevent gov't from being to involved in public
-civil rights are used to ensure gov't treats everyone the same |
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Term
| Doctrine of selective incorporation |
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Definition
-rights and liberties were transferred to states in 1920's
-before 1920's states could choose which rights and liberties their citizens would recieve (d.o.s.i.) |
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Term
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Definition
-absolute rights
-absolute right to free political speech
-slander: saying something about ppl
-liable: printing something about ppl.
-limited protection
-deformation
-time, place, manner
-yelling "fire" in movie theater
-spokey v. illinois supreme court case
-symbolic speech
-burning the flag |
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Term
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Definition
religion
-separation of church and state
press
-us gov't has no role in what gets printed
Freedom to assemble |
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Term
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Definition
-individual right to bear arms has largely been expanded over time
-challenge usually comes from state and local gov't |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RIGHTS OF ACCUSED PEOPLE -unreasonable search and seizure -exclusionary rule: if police do not have porbable cause when searching someone, the evidence they find will be thrown out in a trail |
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Term
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Definition
-due process
-double jeopardy: can't be tried again once found not guilty
-self-incrimination
-plead the 5th |
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Term
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Definition
MIRANDA RIGHTS
-public trail
-right to council
-rights of the accused |
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Definition
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Definition
-excessive bail
-cruel unusual punishment |
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Term
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Definition
NO RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE CONSTITUTION
-1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th
-only rights to privacy
-implied
-griswold v. connecticut
-allows married people to have access to contraception
-roe v. wade
-legalized abortion
-bowers v. hardwick
-must adhere to law even in own house (gay sex)
-lawrence v. texas
-overturns Bowers v. hardwick |
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Term
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Definition
school segregation
-de facto: treat equal-actually (in fact)
-de jure: treat equal by law (in law)
-brown v. board of education
-resistance to brown decision
-civil rights movement
-civil rights act of 1964
-voter registration
-discrimination in private and public places
-hiring practices |
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Term
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Definition
-value conflict
-affirmative action in higher education
-Bakke v. California: quotas for schools are unconsitutional
- the michigan cases- Gratz v. Bollinger; Bunter v. Bollinger |
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Term
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Definition
-equal protection
-modern women's movement
-women's rights in the workplace
-tital VIX of the civil rights act
-earnings gap
-14th amendment
-equal rights amendment (ERA) |
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