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| Candidate-cantered campaign |
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| A campaign in which the individual seeking election, rather than the entire party slate, is the focus. |
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| Organizations that candidate form to support their individual election. |
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| The situation in which fewer voters support the two major political parties, instead identifying themselves as independents, or splitting their ticket between candidates from more than one party. |
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| The situation that exists when Congress is controlled by one party and the presidency by the river. |
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| Between 1929 and 1939, a time of devastating economic collapse and personal misery for people around the world. |
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| Often used as a synonym for unaffiliated. |
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| A role that the party out of power plays, highlighting its objections to policies and priorities of the government in power. |
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| Franklin Roosevelt's broad social welfare program in which the government would bear the responsibility of providing a "safety net" to protect the weakest members of society. |
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| The group composed of southern Democrats, northern city dwellers, immigrants, the poor, Catholics, labor union members, blue-collar workers, African Americans, and women that elected FDR to the presidency four times |
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| Individuals who identify themselves as a member of one party or the others. |
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| Individuals who identify themselves as a member of one party or the other. |
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| The partisan identifications of elected leaders in local, county, state, and federal government. |
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| The formal party apparatus, including committees, party leaders, conventions, and workers. |
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| The categorization of the number and competitiveness of political parties in a polity. |
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| The formal statement of a party's principles and policy objective. |
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| Big-City organizations that exerted control over many aspects of life and lavishly rewarded supporters. |
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| The system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters jobs or government contracts in exchange for support of the party. |
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| An organization that recruits, nominates, and elects party members to office in order to control the government. |
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| A philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to elite. |
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| An election in which voters choose the party's candidate who will run in the later general election. |
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| Proportional representation system |
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| An electoral structure in which political parties win the number of parliamentary seats equal to the percentage of the vote the party. |
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| Shift in party allegiances or electoral support. |
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| The supreme court's interpretation of campaign finance law that enabled political parties to raise unlimited funds for party-building activities such as voter registration drives and get out the vote(GOTV) efforts. |
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| The practice of rewarding political supporters with jobs. |
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| A party organized in opposition or as an alternative to the existing parties in a two-party system. |
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| The situation in which voters vote for candidate from more than one party. |
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| One sided action usually in foreign policy. |
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| The amount of data that can travel through a network in a given time period. |
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| A community, or social network in a given time period. |
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| The merging of various forms of media, including newspapers, tv one corporate roof and one set of business editorial leaders. |
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| The inequality of access to computers and internet connections. |
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| The practice of mobilizing voters using the Internet. |
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| The requirement that stations provide equal time to all parties regarding important public issues and equal access to airtime to all candidates for public office. |
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| President Franklin Roosevelt's radio addresses to the country. |
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| The process by which the media set a context that helps consumers understand important events and matters of shared interest. |
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| News shows that combine entertainment and new, a hybrid of the word information and entertainment. |
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| A letter in which a reader responds to a story in a newspaper, knowing that the letter might be published in that paper. |
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| The breaking down of the media according to the specific audiences they target. |
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| Criticism and exposes of corruption in government and industry by journalists at the turn of the twentieth century. |
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| The practice of aiming media content at specific segment of the public. |
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| The idea that internet traffic email, Web site content, videos, and phone calls- should flow without interference or discrimination by those who own or run the Internet pipeline. |
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| The Internet centered political efforts on behalf of candidates and causes. |
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| Cable tv, the internet, blogs satellite. |
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| Newspapers that sold for a penny in the 1830s. |
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| Loud, anger argument characteristic of many television and radio talk show. |
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| Bringing certain policies on issues to the public agenda through media coverage. |
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| Individuals who simultaneously consume information and news and produce information in forms like videos, blogs, and Web site. |
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| The public issues that most demand the attention of government officials. |
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| Events or topics that are not serious or broadly important. |
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| Short audio or video clips taken from a large speech. |
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| A format featuring conversations and interviews about topics of interest, along with call-ins from listeners. |
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| Required by the telecommunication Act of 1996, a computer chip in television sets that lets parents block programming they consider unsuitable for children. |
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| An irresponsible, sensationalist approach to news reporting, so names after they yellow in used in the "Yellow kid" cartoons in New York World. |
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| The casting of a ballot in advance by mail in situations where illness, travel, or other circumstances prevent voters from voting in their precinct |
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| A secret ballot prepared by the government, distributed to all eligible voters, and, when balloting is completed, counted by government officials in an unbiased fashion, without corruption or regard to individual preferences. |
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| A paid professional who specializes in the overall management of political campaigns or an aspect of campaigns |
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| A professional whose duties comprise a variety of strategic and managerial tasks, from fund-raising to staffing a campaing |
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| The blueprint for the campaign, including a budget and fundraising plan, an advertising strategy, a staffing plan |
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| A meeting of all members of the political party in once chamber in which they elect leaders, approve committee assignments, and elect committee chairpersons. |
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| A type of primary in which voting in a party's primary is limited to members of that party |
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| The phenomenon by which candidates running for a loser level office such as city council benefit in an election from the popularity of a top-of-ticket nominee |
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| A professional who works with candidates in identifying likely contributors to the campaign and arranging events and meetings with donors. |
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| An election that determines which candidates win the offices being sought. |
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| The situation of already holding the office that is up for reelection |
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| Outlays by PAC's and others, typically for advertising for or against a candidate, but uncoordinated with a candidate's campaign. |
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| A citizen- sponsored proposal that can result in new or amended legislation or a state constitutional amendment |
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| A special runoff election in which the computerized voting machine simulates the elimination of last-place voter-getters. |
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| A professional who brings the campaign message to voters by creating handouts and all forms of media ads |
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| A type of ballot that arranges all of the candidates for a particular office under the name of that office. |
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| A type of primary in which both parties' ballots are available in the voting booth, and the voters simply select one on which to register their preferences |
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| A ballot that organizes the candidates by political party |
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| A proposed measure placed on the ballot in an initiative election |
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| A method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views |
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| Rational abstention thesis |
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| A theory that some individuals decide the costs of voting are not worth the effort when compared to the benefits |
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| A special election in which voters can remove officeholders before their term is over |
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| An election in which voters in a state can vote for or against a measure proposed by the state legislature |
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| A method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to support them based on their past performance |
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| A follow-up election that is held when no candidate receives the majority of votes cast in the original election |
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| Having resonance, in relation to a voting issue, reflecting intense interest |
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| The Tuesday in early March on which the most primary elections are held, many of them in southern states |
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| The proportion of eligible voters who actually voted |
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| The condition in which voters grow tired of all candidates by the time Election Day arrives, and may thus be less likely to vote |
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