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| cartoon exaggerates political map |
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"status quo" institution
Re-election rates (98%-house, 90%-senate) |
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| Pork-Barrel projects (pg. 338) |
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| representatives act as trustee or delegate depending on the issue |
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| allocating seats after every 10 years |
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political process of redrawing districts
Majority party in state legislature controls process |
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| apportionment of voters to give an unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party |
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| Congressional leadership (identify people) |
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Senate majority leader- harry reid- Dem.
Senate minority leader- mitch McConnell- Rep.
Speaker of the house- nancy pelosi- Dem.
House Majority leader- steny hoyer- Dem.
House minority leader- john boehner- Rep. |
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| devise strategies for party |
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| whip up support for bills |
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| attitudes toward congress |
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| people usually support their own representative but do not approve of congress as a whole |
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1)allows for specialization
2)system of rewards
a)chairperson decided by...
majority party
seniority on a particular committee |
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| standing vs. select committees |
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Standing- permanent, propose and write legislation
Select- temporary (usually), highlight or investigate specific issue not within jurisdiction of existing committees |
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| temporary joint committee to work on compromise b/w house and senate versions of legislation |
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| congressional research service (CRS) |
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| government accountability office (GAO) |
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anyone can draft legislation
member of congress submit it to clerk
Send to committee
subcommittees
committee markup- amend and re write bills |
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5% face the rules committee
time for debate and other rules (open or closed) |
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| how to "kill" legislation |
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filibuster- talking a bill to death
unlimited amendments
secret holds |
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veto- returns unsigned within 10 days
pocket veto- congress adjourned during 10 day period |
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| advice and consent powers |
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special senate powers
like:
treaties (2/3)
appointees (simple majority) |
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house votes to impeach (50+1)
senate holds trial (2/3) |
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| powers of the president (ch 12) |
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Expressed powers (granted by constitution)
military- commander and chief
judicial- pardons (except in cases of his/her own impeachment)
diplomatic- treaties and receive foreign dignitaries
executive- execute laws, appoint (and remove) executive officers and judges
legislative- participate in the lawmaking process |
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| military power, but wars powers act (1973) |
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highest ranking military authority
head of intelligence network
1973- struggle b/w president and congress |
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| grant reprieves, pardons, and amenities (at individual level or to entire groups) |
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| diplomatic power (treaty vs. executive agreement) |
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"head of state"
make treaties
executive agreements
recognize other countries |
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must notify congress-
presidents rename it as national security memo to maintain its secrecy |
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| executive power (also Executive privilege) |
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faithfully execute all laws
apoint, remove, and supervise all executive officers
appoint all federal judges
Executive privilege- claim that confidential communications should not be revealed with president's consent (U.S v. Nixon)1974 |
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| legislative power (agenda-setting, executive orders, veto) |
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propose legislation
agenda setting role- state of the union address
executive orders- a rule or regulation issued by the president that is like formal legislation
Veto power-(regular veto, pocket veto, line-item veto for appropriations) |
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not found in constitution but by congressional statutes and resolutions
... department of homeland security
shift since FDR:
broad mandates from congress with clear standards |
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| Inherent power (how used-example: domestic surveillance) |
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| powers that are claimed by the president that are not expressed in the constitution but are inferred from it |
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| limits president to two elected terms |
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line of succession
who takes over if the president dies...VP... Speaker of house |
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| "cheney's law" frontline video (PBS) |
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| giving the president unlimited power and keeping congress from infringing on the powers |
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| Supreme court Justices (identify people and ideology- liberal vs. conservative)~chp 14 |
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John G. Roberts, jr.- conservative: Chief Justice
Conservative justices-
Antonin Scalia
Clarence Thomas
Samuel Alito
Liberal justices-
John Paul Stevens
David Souter
Ruth Bader
stephen Breyer
swing Voter-
Anthony Kennedy |
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doctrine of legal president
"let the decision stand" |
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| marbury v. madison (1803) |
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| judicial review- power of the court to review and declare actions by congress or the president as invalid or unconstitutional |
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| supremacy clause (article 6) |
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| "supreme law of the land" |
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| Review of presidential action (hamdi v. rumsfeld) |
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enemy combatants entitled to legal counsel
yet, affirmed president's power |
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| Review of congressional action (line-item veto) |
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| court rejected line- item veto |
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| review of state action (brown v. topeka board...) |
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| segregation unconstitutional |
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must be actual controversy- no advisory opinions
must have standing- right to initiate a court case on the basis of having a substantial stake in the outcome
must be moot- not resolved by other means |
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| writ of certiori (cert)- Literally means to make more certain |
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| a decision by at least 4 (out of 9) Justices to review a decision from lower courts |
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not a matter of right- granted for "special and compelling" reasons:
conflicting decisions by lower courts
lower courts deviated from principles and precedents established by the high court |
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