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Political Philosophy 2
test 2
35
Political Studies
Undergraduate 4
03/28/2013

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Term
St. Thomas Aquinas Career
Definition
-followed islamic philosophers of aristotle
-wanted to bring aristotles ideas back to europe again
-Referred to Aristotle as "The Philosopher"
Term
St. Thomas Aquinas Government style
Definition
-Purpose of government is the COMMON GOOD of people
-Naturalist- believes there is a purpose for everything
-Geocentric belief
Term
St. Thomas Aquinas government ranking
Definition
1. Monarchy 2. Aristocracy 3. Representative democracy 4. Direct democracy 5. Oligarchy 6. Tyrant
Term
St Thomas Aquinas Beliefs
Definition
-Reasoning
-Practical reasoning- applying to the world what you know.
-Speculative reasoning- General truths or theories
-Natural law is innate, god gave everyone a conscience of right and wrong
Term
St Thomas Aquinas Focus
Definition
-Acceptable to study the world because if god created it must be good.
-Gods laws, Divine law in the bible
Term
St Thomas Aquinas Divine law
Definition
1. Eternal- physics, god gives laws to nature so they know how to function
2. Natural- the idea that we have a conscience, knowing right from wrong.
3. Human Laws- by humans, what govt imposes on the people, cant contradict natural laws
Term
St Thomas Aquinas Summary
Definition
-Humans can be happy in this life and next, but only in moderation on earth.
-Acceptable to study the world because if god created it must be good
Term
Thomas Hobbes Career
Definition
-Wrote book called Leviathan
-Talks about human nature and how laws of human nature are relevant to govt
Term
Thomas Hobbes law of self interest
Definition
People are always doing whats best for them
Term
Thomas Hobbes govt style
Definition
-Nation-state- the idea of a free society
-Formed government to avoid anarchy, picked sovereign to lead.
-People are too savage to run themselves, government is necessary.
Term
Thomas Hobbes govt details
Definition
Sovereign made the laws and enforced them
-ruled with fear
-NO CLASSES, everyone equal
Term
Thomas Hobbes beliefs
Definition
-Rights were only honored if govt existed
-It was impossible to reach altruism- always wanting to help and provide for others
Term
Thomas Hobbes Focus
Definition
-Why do people want govt?
-Created state of nature
Term
Thomas Hobbes's state of nature
Definition
People would not follow laws unless enforced by government, were too savage.
Term
Thomas Hobbes summary
Definition
Hobbes thought a good society-equality and a bad-people out to get each other
-Wanted security even with too much government
Term
John Locke career
Definition
Wrote about political issues
Term
John Locke Govt style
Definition
Representative democracy/ Natural rights- rights are for anyone, just have to work for it.
1. Private property
2.rights to protect private property
-serve the people
Term
John Locke Govt details
Definition
Branches in govt
-Judicial/ legislative/ executive
-Legislative is the most important because it makes laws
-
Term
John Lockes social contract
Definition
a way for people to make changes to government if its not working
Term
John Locke beliefs
Definition
-Private property- natural right to have
-Natural state- people can work in a natural state giving govt. some power
-NO SLAVERY
Term
John Locke Labor theory of value
Definition
If u take something from nature and mix labor into it, then god gave you the right to public property.
-Must use labor to survive
-Rights are for any individual who is willing to do labor
Term
John Locke Main summary
Definition
-Main focus is right to private property and democracy
-Beliefs are in the constitution and bill of rights
Term
JJR Career
Definition
-Wrote the social contract
-against slavery
Term
JJR Quote
Definition
"Man was born free, but everywhere he is in chains"
Term
JJR govt style
Definition
-Direct democracy- ideal in a small nation
-representative democracy- concerned with general will, what majority wanted, better for bigger countries
Term
JJR details of govt
Definition
-Believed in social contracts when in large population
- NO natural rights
Term
JJR noble savage
Definition
Living in the state of nature, this is where people have the greatest amount of freedom.
- war exist between nations not people
Term
JJR general will
Definition
-he believed we may not reach general will but we can overcome self-interest, what the majority wants isnt always right.
-Get rid of interest groups or factions
Term
JJR summary
Definition
Civic rights, government has to make laws that apply to their nation-state
Term
Immanuel Kant Govt style
Definition
-Representative democracy
-Men and women equal
-Agreed with hobbes exec was above the law
Term
Immanuel Kent detail of govt
Definition
-Freedom as member of society, you choose the lifestyle you want.
-Equality for all, all could vote
-Executive above the law
-You get what you earn
Term
Immanuel Kent's law of universal hospitality
Definition
if people travel and meet others they’ll be more likely not to go to war
Term
Immanuel Kent's focus
Definition
-Categorical imperative: decisions should be made on morals not emotion
1. universal law- if it makes sense then its ok
2. respect- peoples beliefs and views
Term
“Men should be strong and active while women should be weak and passive”
Definition
JJR
Term
“Men should be authentic , direct, and honest while women should be manipulative”
Definition
JJR
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