Term
| PATTERNS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR SHOULD BE: (5) |
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Definition
(1) EMPIRICALLY VERIFIABLE (FACTS)
(2) OBJECTIVE
(3) BASED ON THEORY
(4) GENERALIZABLE
(5) FOCUSED ON CAUSALITY (X -> Y) |
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Term
| PROCESS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (4) |
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Definition
(1) SELECT AND FOCUS RESEARCH QUESTION
(2) DEVELOP A THEORY
(3) GENERATE A HYPOTHESIS
(4) TEST THE HYPOTHESIS |
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Term
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Definition
| A SURVEY BASED ON A REPRESENTATIVE PROBABILITY SAMPLE OF THE POPULATION OF INTEREST |
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Term
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Definition
| ACCURATE AND PROPORTIONATE REFLECTION OF THE POPULATION OF INTEREST |
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Term
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Definition
(1) ADVOCATE FOR PEOPLE THEY REPRESENT
(2) HIGH LEVEL
(3) VOTE WITHAT THEIR PARTY BELIEVES
(4) VOICE- SPEAK ON THEIR BEHALF |
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Term
| TRADITIONAL DEMOCRATIC THEORY |
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Definition
| INTERESTED AND PARTICIPATE. KNOWLEDGEABLE |
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Term
| REVISIONIST VIEW OF DEMOCRACY |
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Definition
| IMPLIES PARTICIPATION IS INSTRUMENTAL |
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Term
| AMERICAN NATION ELECTION STUDIES (ANES) |
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Definition
(1) COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY DATA ON US POLITICAL BEHAVIOR.
(2) FACE-TO-FACE PANEL INTERVIEWS WITH NEARLY 2,000 AMERICAN ADULTS IN EACH NATIONAL ELECTION
(3) DRAWBACK: OPINIONS ARE HARD TO QUANTIFY. WORDING |
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Term
| REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY MUST PROVIDE: (4) |
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Definition
(1) EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR EACH CITIZEN TO PARTICIPATE
(2) FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS
(3) OCCUR AT REGULAR INTERVALS
(4) ENJOY SMOOTH TRANSITIONS OF POWER
(USA?) |
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Term
| HEALTHY DEMOCRACY CONTAINS: (4) |
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Definition
(1) EQUAL PARTICIPATION
(2) ENLIGHTENED UNDERSTANDING
(3) POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY (PEOPLE HAVE TO RULE)
(4) INCLUSION |
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Term
| CLASSIC DEMOCRATIC THEORY (POLITICAL PARTICIPATION) |
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Definition
VOTING NECESSARY TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE REPRESENTATION.
CITIZENS ARE MOTIVATED TO VOTE. VOTING IS RATIONAL |
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Term
| SUBSTANTIVE (REPRESENTATION) |
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Definition
| REPRESENT THE POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONSTITUENCY |
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Term
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Definition
(SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION)
STATES EXACTLY WHAT THEY'RE TOLD
ALL FOR PEOPLE |
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Term
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Definition
(SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION)
BEST FOR THE PEOPLE WITH OPINIONS FROM THEM. |
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Term
| DESCRIPTIVE (REPRESENTATION) |
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Definition
REPRESENTING THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONSTITUENCY
SAME EXPERIENCES, BACKGROUNDS, ETC. |
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Term
| ACTIVE FORMS OF PARTICIPATION |
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Definition
(UNDER 20)
PEOPLE ARE MORE INCLINED TO GIVE MONEY (PEAK IN '76)
WORKING FOR CAMPAIGN IS LOWEST |
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Term
| PERSUASIVE FORMS OF PARTICIPATION |
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Definition
(HIGHER RATES 20%-40%)
TRIED TO PERSUADE HIGHER- BUT MORE FLUCTUATION
DISPLAYED "I VOTED" BUTTON/STICKER (5%-20%) |
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Term
| PASSIVE FORMS OF PARTICIPATION |
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Definition
HIGHER THAN ACTIVE AND PERSUASIVE
CARE WHO WINS (HIGH 58%-82%)
SEMI-STEADY RISE
VERY OR EXTREMELY INTERESTED IN CAMPAIGN (25%-40%) |
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Term
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Definition
# ACTUAL VOTERS
# CITIZENS 18 OR OLDER
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Term
| VOTING-ELIGIBLE POPULATION (VEP) |
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Definition
# ACTUAL VOTERS
# CITIZENS 18 OR OLDER WHO ARE ELIGIBLE TO VOTE |
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Term
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Definition
(1) 1965-1982
(2) SMALLEST GENERATION OF THE CENTURY
(3) ALIENATED AND INDIVIDUALISTIC
(4) HIGHLY NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TOWARD POLITICS
(5) HIGH PARTY IDENTIFICATION (GOP) |
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Term
| THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION (5) |
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Definition
(1) LARGEST AND MOST DIVERSE GENERATION EVER
(2) GROUP FOCUSED AND OPTIMISTIC
(3) LESS LIKELY THAN OLDER GENERATIONS TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS OR FOLLOW POLITICS
BUT THEY PARTICIPATE MORE THAN PREVIOUS GENERATIONS
(4) MORE OPTIMISTIC ABOUT THEIR OWN FUTURES ARE ARE MORE POLITICALLY EFFICACIOUS
(5) FEEL THAT GOVERNMENT IS MORE EFFICIENT AND THEY TRUST THEM MORE |
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Term
| SIMGLE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR THAT HAS DEFINED AFRICAN AMERICAN'S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION |
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Definition
| SLAVERY AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECTS |
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Term
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Definition
(1) DEFININIG INSTITUTION OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
(2) ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES
(a)LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
(b) CIVIC SKILLS
(2) PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES
(a) MOTIVATION
(b) EFFICACY- PART OF A LARGER THING. YOU CAN CHANGE THINGS |
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Term
| VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 |
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Definition
(1) PROHIBITED LITERARY TESTS
(2) PROHIBITED INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING
(3) REPLACED LOCAL REGISTRARS WITH FEDERALLY APPOINTED ONES |
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Term
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Definition
| RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN (OBLIGATION) TO PARTICIPATE |
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Term
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Definition
| BELIEF YOU HAVE THE ABILITY OT INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS |
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Term
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Definition
| BELIEVE THAT POLITICAL AUTHORITIES WILL RESPOND TO ATTEMPTS TO INFLUENCE THEM |
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Term
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Definition
INDICATED A PSYCHOLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT WITH POLITICS
GREATER ENGAGEMENT --> GREATER PARTICIPATION |
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Term
| PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVATOR OF POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT (1) |
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Definition
| (1) STRENGTH OF PARTY IDENTIFICATION |
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Term
| RELATIVE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON VOTER TURNOUT: STRONG (2) , MODERATE (1), WEAK (1), INCONSISTENT (1) |
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Definition
STRONG: (1) STRENGTH OF PARTY IDENTIFICATION AND (2) CIVIC DUTY
MODERATE: POLITICAL INTEREST
WEAK: EFFICACY (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL)
INCONSISTENT: CLOSENESS OF RACE |
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Term
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Definition
| BASIC HUMAN NEEDS DRIVE WHETHER (AND HOW) WE PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS |
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Term
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Definition
THE NORMS AND VALUES THAT RESULT IN, AND ARE THE RESULT OF, COLLECTIVE SOCIAL NETWORKS AND RELATIONSHIPS.
CONSEQUENCES:
INDIVIDUAL- PRIVATE GOODS
COLLECTIVE- PUBLIC GOODS |
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Term
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Definition
FEELING BETTER ABOUT SOCIETY IN GENERAL. HUMANITY
SPECIFIC VS. GENERALIZED |
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Term
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Definition
SOCIAL NORMS AND NETWORKS THAT ENCOMPASS DIVERSE IDENTITIES
(SOCIAL CAPITOL) |
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Term
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Definition
SOCIAL NORMS AND NETWORKS THAT ENCOMPASS DIVERSE IDENTITIES. TOUCHES MORE PEOPLE.
MORE IMPORTANT TO PUTNAM |
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Term
| WHAT ARE PUTNAM'S CONCLUSIONS REGARDING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE US? |
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Definition
| DON'T INVEST INTO THE COMMUNITY AS MUCH |
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Term
| PUTNAM'S ARGUMENT FOR POLITICAL PARTICIPATION (2) |
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Definition
(1) NEARLY ALL FORMS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION HAVE DECLINED SINCE THE 1960s
(2) "COOPERATIVE" FORMS HAVE DECLINED AT FASTER RATES THAN "EXPRESSIVE" FORMS |
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Term
| POTENTIAL CULPRITS OF DECLINE OF SOCIAL CAPITOL (5) |
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Definition
(1) BUSYNESS- NO TIME FOR CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
(2) FINANCIAL PRESSURE
(3) RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY (DECREASES STABILITY)
(4) WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
(5) SUBURBANIZATION (GREATER HOMOGENEITY AND PRIVATIZATION. ALSO ACCOUNTS FOR 10% OF THE DECLINE) |
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Term
| THE REAL CULPRITS OF DECLINE OF SOCIAL CAPITOL (2) |
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Definition
(1) TECHNOLOGY OR MASS MEDIA
(a) INCREASINGLY INDIVIDUALIZED AND PRIVATIZED (ONLY 25% OF DECLINE)
(2) GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES
THE BABY BOOMERS AND GENERATION X ACCELERATED TEH DECLINE OF SOCIAL CAPITOL (50% OF DECLINE) |
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Term
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Definition
(1) COLLECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
(2) EFFICIENCY OF COMMUNITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL "BOOST"
(3) COMMUNITY AWARENESS
(4) INFORMATION DISPERSION- HOLDS GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABLE |
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Term
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Definition
(1) GREATER PARTICIPATION OR LESS COMPROMISE
(2) LEADS TO EXCLUSIVENESS
(a) INDUCES ANTAGONISM OF "OTHERS"
(b) REDUCES COMPROMISE AND TOLERANCE
(3) REQUIRES CONFORMITY
(a) PREVENTS INDIVIDUALISTIC THOUGHT
(b) ENCOURAGES THE STATUS QUO |
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Term
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Definition
| A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO DEMOCRATIC DECISION MAKING |
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Term
| CAMPAIGN SPECIFIC FORCES (4) |
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Definition
(1) VOTER MOBILIZATION EFFORTS DEPENDING ON:
(a) TIME
(b) TYPE OF ELECTION
(c) SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION/ DESCRIPTIVE
REPRESENTATION
(2) CLOSENESS OF THE RACE
(3) CAMPAIGN SPENDING
(4) CANDIDATE APPEAL |
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Term
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Definition
| A HISTORICAL ERA OF POLITICAL EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN THE POLITICAL PARTIES (AGGREGATE (TOTAL ALL) FORCES) |
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Term
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Definition
| A SYSTEMATIC SHIFT THAT PRODUCES A NEW PARTY SYSTEM |
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Term
| REALIGNMENT -> ____________ |
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Definition
HIGER PARTICIPATION
ENTRY OF LARGE NUMBERS OF NEW VOTERS CAN SHIFT BALANCE OF POWER |
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Term
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Definition
CAUSED BY: SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICTS IN A PLURALITY SYSTEM
ELECTORAL COLLEGE
OTHER LEGAL BARRIERS |
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Term
| THE "RATIONALITY" OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION (3) |
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Definition
(1) CITIZENS ARE MOTIVATED TO VOTE
(2) THEY MAKE WELL-INFORMED POLITICAL CHOICES
(3) HEALTHY DEMOCRACY IS DEPENDENT ON HIGH VOTER TURNOUT |
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Term
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Definition
| BENEFIT OUTWEIGHS COST. REQUIRES EFFICIENCY. INDIVIDUALS RANK THEIR PREFERENCES RATIONALLY. |
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Term
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Definition
R=EXPECTED UTILITY OF VOTING VS. NON-VOTING
p=ACTUAL PROBAILITY THAT VOTE WILL MAKE A DIFFERENCE
B= BENEFITS OF VOTING (NARROWLY DEFINED, VOTED FOR WINNER)
C= COST OF VOTING (TIME, GAS, ETC.) |
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Term
| EXPANSIONS OF RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY |
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Definition
EXPAND "p" THE PERCEPTION THAT A VOTE WILL MAKE A DIFFERENCE
EXPAND "B" INVESTMENT BENEFITS DERIVED FROM OUTCOME. CONSUMPTION BENEFITS DERIVED FROM PARTICIPATION
ADD "D" TO REPRESENT CIVIC DUTY |
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Term
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Definition
| INDIVISIBILITY OF BENEFIT- AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC. JOINTNESS OF SUPPLY. USE DOES NOT DEPLETE (PARK) |
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Term
| COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEM |
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Definition
| MAXING ENERGY TO DETERMINE SELF INTEREST. WOULD BE IRRATIONAL UNLESS BENEFIT WAS HIGHER |
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Term
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Definition
| PERSON THAT DOES NOTHING. HAVE TO PICK UP THE SLACK |
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Term
| SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS |
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Definition
SOCIAL: EDUCATION, INCOME, AGE, PSYCH, CIVIC DUTY, WAY PARENTS VOTE.
(a) SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
(b) PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVATORS |
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Term
| INSTITUTIONAL EXPLANATION |
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Definition
CONTEXT IS KEY.
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL RESTRICTIONS
RATIONAL COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS |
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Term
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Definition
| REFLECT THE POLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTIRE ELECTORATE |
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Term
| CONDITIONS FOR DESCRIPTIVE TO BE EFFECTIVE |
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Definition
(1) GROUP DETERMINES REPRESENTATIVE
(2) ISSUE CONSENSUS
(3) SALIENT ISSUE AGENDA
(4) CONGRUENT POSITIONS
(5) REPRESENTATIVE INFLUENCE DECISIONS
(6) APPROPRIATE IMPLEMENTATION |
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