Term
|
Definition
small autonomous groups (generally hunting and gathering).
- no private ownership of property
-headman of limited authority
-leaderships is situational
-decision by consensus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generally horticultural, pastoral societies
-larger populations
-leadership informal (e.g. Big Men in Melanesia)
-small autonomous (and highly independent) groups which may form alliances
- political organization usually temporary and informal (crisis oriented) |
|
|
Term
| Chiefdom Systems (centralized) |
|
Definition
ranked societies with hierarchies (descent group affiliation often a criterion in ranking)
-office of chief may or may not be hereditary, but is a genuine authority figure (unlike headman and Big Man)
- redistributive economic systems appear, with chief as controller |
|
|
Term
| State Systems (centralized) |
|
Definition
true, permanent government which allows state to use legitimate force.
-only found in large, complex societies
-state often has centralized power and oversees a formal system of law administered by the central power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mechanisms that may achieve pan tribal integration when necessary:
1. Descent (clans)
2. Age Sets - set of people with comparable age who have gone through something together.
3. Associations (e.g. secret societies)
4. Exchange Networks - (e.g. Big Men and tee or Moka in New Guinea). |
|
|
