To secure/accelerate a performance of a duty

Not asking to break law

AKA: “speed money” “grease money” “vigorish”

Varies from what law requires

Paying for non application of a law

Breaks laws

Commercial area (inspectors, buildings, health)

Could lead to long term association (ex black mail)

Can be detected

Briber has purchased the official

Idea: get hired as consultant for the bribe, get clean money

Court room:

Recipient of bribe gets prosecuted

Payer gets immunity

public official demands money from citizen

Contracts -10% = standard tipping

Variation/substitute of direct bribe

Engineering, architecture, any business which govt is contracting

Procurement) is the acquisition of goods and/or services at the best possible total cost of ownership. Used to Stop Kick backs

To deter-

throw out all bids and start over

Rewrite the rules to exclude

Encourage bidders to dropout

Encourage bidders to join together

low bid, but, gets more money approved as time goes on

Performance bond- like insurance policy, done by this date or govt pays money

name for legislative extortion (milking money)

Macing

compulsory campaign contributions illegal

-( to unite or combine) some corruption is typical, some necessary

Illegal; Exercise power for personal gain; Use inside info to make profit (buy land, sell to government)

Easy to conceal, hard to convict George W Plankett

to the victor goes the spoils

after winning election, give government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party, not hired on merit

quatters that organized together to make rules and protect each others claims. When auctions occurred, club would intimidate outside buyers.

large property grant which was supposed to remain unclaimed for the use of al residents.

Hiring a relative

Land fraud. 1794, Georgia legislature sold piece of land 35,000,000 acres to four land companies. Robert Morris, Patrick Henry got some of the land. Grant was later cancelled and resold to settlers.

made windfall profits on gunpowder contract. The owners of the Co issued the contract

didn’t buy the 640 acres, just found a large piece of land and lived there

Intended to make land sales easier. BC many settlers couldn’t meet their payments and govt decided not to foreclose. Nonpayment became the rule bc there was no penalty.

Good guy can be corrupted. Corruption = financial, social, not just political. It can happen in any institution. (Lincoln Steffens)

The people blessed by God (to govern etc)

Example: Winthrop, Dudley, Ontenstahl

Puritans= theocracy, they governed community

Demographic factors

(theory of corruption)

Lincoln steffens

Some ethnic groups are more likely to be corrupt then other people

Overdecentralization

(theory of corruption)

US has decentralized law enforcement and no coordination. Corruption therefore, may thrive in pockets such as specific cities or counties

example: police=corrupt

The system causes corruption

(theory of corruption)

Throw out all bids and start over

rewrite the rules to exclude

encourage bidders to drop out

Encourage bidders to join together

Legality

Public Interest

Public Opinion