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Definition
| random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups |
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| a connection between two entities that occurs because one produces, or brings about, the other with complete or great regularity |
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| classical experimental design |
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Definition
| an experiment with the random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups with a pre-test and post-test for both groups |
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| a group of people who all experience a significant event in roughly the same time frame |
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| a group of subjects who do not receive the experimental treatment or test stimulus |
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| a research design in which measurements of independent and dependent variables are taken at the same time; naturally occurring differences in the independent variable are used to create quasi-experimental and quasi-control groups; extraneous factors are controlled for by statistical means |
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Definition
| aspects of the research situation that cause participants to guess the purpose or rationale of the study and adjust their behavior or opinions accordingly |
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| effect, usually measured numerically, of the independent variable on the dependent variable |
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Definition
| a group of subjects who receive the experimental treatment or test stimulus |
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| a differential loss of subjects from experimental and control groups that affects the equivalency of the groups; threat to internal validity |
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Definition
| a research design in which the researcher controls exposure to the test factor or independent variable, the assignment of subjects to groups, and the measurement of responses |
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Definition
| the ability to generalize from one set of research findings to other situations |
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Definition
| factors besides the independent variable that may cause change in the dependent variable |
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| experimental design used to measure the effect of two or more independent variables singly and in combination |
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Definition
| experimental designs applied in a natural setting |
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| a simplified and abstract representation of reality that can be expressed verbally, mathematically, or in some other symbolic system, and that purports to show how variables or parts of a system are interconnected |
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Definition
| a change in the dependent variable due to changes in the environment over time; threat to internal validity |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in the measurement device used to measure the dependent variable, producing change in measurements; threat to internal validity |
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Definition
| reaction of subjects to a pre-test |
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Definition
| the ability to show that manipulation or variation of the independent variable actually causes the dependent variable to change |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as interrupted time series design. A nonexperimental design in which the impact of a naturally occurring event (intervention) on a dependent variable is measured over time |
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Definition
| a change in subjects over time that affects the dependent variable; threat to internal validity |
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Definition
| experimental design with more than one control and experimental group |
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Term
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Definition
| a research design characterized by at least one of the following: presence of a single group, lack of researcher control over the assignment of subjects to control and experimental groups, lack of researcher control over application of the independent variable, or inability of the researcher to measure the dependent variable before and after exposure to the independent variable occurs |
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Definition
| loss of participants from a panel study |
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Definition
| a cross-sectional study in which measurements of variables are taken on the same units of analysis at multiple points in time |
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Definition
| an indicator or measure of history effects on a dependent variable during a specified time period |
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| measurement of the dependent variable after manipulation of the independent variable |
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Definition
| matching of pairs of subjects with one of the pair assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group |
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Definition
| measurement of the dependent variable prior to the administration of the experimental treatment or manipulation of the independent variable |
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Definition
| the random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups |
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Term
| repeated measurement design |
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Definition
| an experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured at multiple times after the treatment is administered |
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Definition
| a plan specifying how the researcher intends to fulfill the goals of the study; a logical plan for testing hypotheses |
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Definition
| bias in the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups; threat to internal validity |
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Definition
| weak type of experimental design with control and experimental groups but no pre-test |
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Definition
| a simple representation of a system by a device in order to study its behavior |
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Definition
| type of experimental design in which one or a few cases of a phenomenon are examined in considerable detail, typically using several data collection methods, such as personal interviews, document analysis, and observation |
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Definition
| a relationship between two variables caused entirely by the impact of a third variable |
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Definition
| change in the dependent variable due to the temporary nature of extreme values; threat to internal validity |
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Definition
| the direct or indirect solicitation of information from individuals by asking them questions, having them fill out forms, or using other means |
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Definition
| the independent variable introduced and controlled by an investigator in order to assess its effects on a response or dependent variable |
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Definition
| effect of a pre-test on the dependent variable; threat to internal validity |
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