Term
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Definition
| the efforts to influence the development, enactment, implementation, or assessment of social policy |
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Term
| what do practitioners use in policy practice? |
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Definition
| assessment tools such as gathering, research, identification of policy options, and drafting policy proposals |
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Term
| what are strategies used by policy practitioners? |
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Definition
| specific actions, verbal exchanges to encourage discussion of specific topics, cultivation of ideas, development of proposals, presentations, debates, strategic power analysis, work with coalitions, work with task forces and public committees, attend meetings |
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Term
| what are the 4 major skills needed for effective policy practice? |
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Definition
1. analytic skills
2. political skills
3. interactional skills
4. value-clarification skills
APIV |
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Term
| what do analytical skills possess? |
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Definition
consume and understand policies
identify policy alternatives
compare the relative merits of policies
develop policy recommendations |
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Term
| what do political skills possess? |
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Definition
assess the feasibility of policies in relation to the political environment
identify power sources
develop and implement political strategy |
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Term
| what do interactional skills possess? |
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Definition
help policy practitioners make/enhance contacts
develop professional networks
build personal networks
identify "old boy" or "old girl" networks
facilitate coalition development and interface with relevant committees |
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Term
| what do value clarification skills possess? |
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Definition
consider the morality of policy proposals
assess policy consistency with the NASW and NABSW Codes of Ethics
Facilitate support for ethical proposals |
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Term
| what are skills needed by clinicians? |
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Definition
analyze client's problems and issues
use political skills to engage in case advocacy
apply interactional skills when assisting with client interventions
recognize ethical issues when working with clients (confidentiality or boundary issues) |
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Term
| what are skills needed by administrators? |
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Definition
diagnose problems
work effectively for agency funding in politically-charged environments
apply interactional skills when interfacing with staff and Board members
recognize ethical issues when developing and implementing programs |
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Term
| what policy skills are used to perform six tasks? |
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Definition
1. setting agendas
2. defining problems
3. making proposals
4. enacting policy
5. implementing policy
6. assessing policy |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when social workers present problems and information to an agency, the community, and/or legislators and decision-makers |
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Term
| what is defining problems? |
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Definition
analysis on how to present appropriate and accurate policy information
involves analysis of the scope of problems, who is affected by a social problem, disproportionate prevalence in specific communities, trend and patterns, probable causes (with evidence), etc. |
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Term
| what is proposal-making tasks? |
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Definition
involves identification of policy options
comparing the relative merits of policy options (and having evidence to support your statements)
assessing the feasibility of combining policy ideas and proposals
proposals can be as simple as changing a client intake process in an agency or as complex as conceptualizing and develop a social program |
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Term
| what is policy-enacting tasks? |
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Definition
development of strategies to have a policy approved or removed
may involve major amounts of time, energy, compromise, and revision
sometimes public presentations must be accompanied by personal visits and "behind the scene" discussions with highly placed individuals and key decision-makers |
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Term
| what is policy-implementing tasks? |
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Definition
identifying why a policy has not been adequately implemented (evidence required)
development of corrective strategies
sometimes corrective actions have to occur while the original process is "in motion" and this can be a MAJOR problem |
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Term
| what is policy assessing? |
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Definition
involves evaluation of policy
did it work? what is the supportive evidence?
formative evaluations of policy
summative evaluations of policy
"process" evaluation of policy |
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Term
what is the STAGE policy formulation process?
PPIDBPIE |
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Definition
problem identification
problem analysis
informing the public
development of policy goals
build public support and legitimacy
program design
implementation
evaluation and assessment |
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Term
what is the PROFESSIONAL FUNCTION policy formulation process?
DRCPCPMR |
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Definition
direct service
research
community organization
planning
community organization
planning
management/direct service
research/direct service |
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Term
what are the three goals of social welfare?
WSM |
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Definition
enhance the social, financial, health, and recreational requirements of all individuals in society
enhance social functioning of all age groups, both rich and poor
to meet the basic needs of individuals, fams, groups, etc |
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Term
| what is a political party? |
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Definition
| an association of like-minded individuals, organized to accomplish shared goals |
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Term
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Definition
(Grand Old Party - GOP)
emerged in opposition to the compromise of 1850 (FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT)
conservative, opposed to "big government" perceived as obstacle to personal achievement and economic growth |
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Term
| why was 2004 important for the US? |
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Definition
major victory for socially conservative element of the republican party
major issue was changing gender roles and family forms
used government to enforce "moral codes"
outcome did not use "electoral economism"
rise of moral values over economics among Americans |
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Term
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Definition
organized in 1792 when Thomas Jefferson organized Democratic Republican Party to support Bill of Rights
"party of the common man"
party transformed in 1820s when emphasis changed too reduced government control, business expansion, and seizing foreign lands in the name of "Manifest Destiny"
emphasis on equality
welcomes working-class americans, people of color, immigrants, gays and lesbians, and others disenfranchised groups
do not view government as a problem, essential to eliminate social ills caused by poverty and discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
tending or disposed to maintain existing institutions; opposed to change or innovation
emphasizes personal liberty
argues against government involvement in economy
favors a "laissez faire" approach to the economy, characterized by minimal govn't involvement
government regulation of personal and familial decisions
minimize government spending and business regulation |
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Term
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Definition
a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties
political system as instrument for social change
New Deal (1930s), Great Society anti-poverty programs (1960s), Americans w/ Disabilities Act (1980s)
embrace or accept broad social change
defense of civil liberties |
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Term
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Definition
occurred within the character of the individual and within the immediate range of his relations with others
related to the SELF |
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Term
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Definition
transcend local environments of the individual and the range of his/her "inner life"
related to organization of different external environmental entities that are tied into societal institutions |
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Term
| what are the classifications of social problems? |
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Definition
material resources deprivation
mental or emotional deprivation
cognitive deprivation
interpersonal deprivation
opportunity deprivation
personal rights deprivation
physical deprivation |
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Term
| material resources deprivation |
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Definition
| inadequate income, housing, or food |
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Term
| mental or emotional deprivation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| developmental or learning related disabilities |
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Term
| interpersonal deprivation |
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Definition
| marital conflicts, loneliness, and destructive child-parent relations |
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Term
| deprivation of opportunity |
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Definition
| lack of education, lack of access to services or medical care, lack of fulfilling work |
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Term
| deprivation of personal rights |
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Definition
| lack of civil rights and liberties, being victimized by discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
| physical illnesses and/or disabilities |
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Term
| american responses to social problems |
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Definition
partial resolution
confinement
intensification
creation of new social problems
shifting the focus
deflection of public concern |
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Term
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Definition
| products in lieu of cash (ex. food stamps) |
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Term
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Definition
| groups who experience a disproportionate share of social malaise |
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Term
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Definition
| groups from the lower socioeconomic echelons of society, whose members are subject to class-based prejudice |
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Term
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Definition
| groups and individuals who have been (and continue to be) subjected to racial prejudice (e.g., african americans, latinos, native americans) |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who have been kept out of the economic and social mainstream b/c of specialized roles ascribed to them (e.g., women have been ascribed the role of child-rearing and home making functions) |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who are widely perceived 1)to have different lifestyle preferences from mainstream America (e.g., gay men and lesbians); 2) to have violated social norms (e.g., criminal offenders and juvenile delinquents) |
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Term
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Definition
individuals who often experience discrimination and found it difficult to obtain policy assistance b/c of a widespread perception that they are "problem-free" (e.g., asian americans)
made remarkable progress but stereotype has impeded awareness |
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Term
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Definition
groups and individuals who occupy an unusual status, in that they have no political influence
depend on the goodwill of others for housing, resources, and essential services
(e.g., children) |
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Term
| deficit and non-deficit perspectives... |
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Definition
are ways of conceptualizing the plight of our constituency, or the people that provide services to
have a profound impact the manner in which social workers think and act b/c they represent our world views (i.e., our way of interpreting the realities of people in need) |
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Term
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Definition
views that "blame the victim" for their real or imagined social, personal, or economic circumstances in society
similar to "survival of the fittest"
often see needy ppl in society as lazy, unmotivated, not wanting to work, and "wanting" to live in poverty, dependent upon society for their survival |
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Term
| examples of deficit perspectives |
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Definition
homeless individuals
women/men who are welfare-reliant
ppl who live in public housing
ppl who receive food stamps
ppl with inadequate education who are chronically unemployed and/or underemployed and live in persistent poverty
juvenile delinquents |
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Term
| fundamental problems with deficit perspectives |
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Definition
ignore environmental considerations that contribute to social, personal, and/or economic problems
fail to consider the realities of geopolitics, history (oppression), and social phenomena such as "false consciousness"
do not consider the impact of historical and current realities such as racism, sexism, disabilism, homophobia, ageism, religious discrimination, and "culturalism" and the impact they have had on oppressed groups
do not examine the crucial question of "who benefits?" from these world views, and why do they continue to proliferate in American society |
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Term
| non-deficit perspectives (1) |
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Definition
do not "blame the victim" for real and imagined shortcomings in their social, personal, and/or economic circumstances
do not take environmental (including historical) considerations into account |
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Term
| non-deficit perspectives (2) |
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Definition
do not view individuals in terms of having individual pathologies or immoralities, but assesses their situation in a "holistic" fashion, examining the impact of different systems at different levels - personal, familial, and societal
use the "strengths perspective" in intervening with social work clients and emphasize strategies to help individuals "transcend" their social circumstances, as opposed to "coping" with it |
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Term
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Definition
define which services that individuals and groups can receive and clearly state eligibility criterion
prevent violations of entitlements by agency staff who may dislike certain kinds of individuals or groups |
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Term
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Definition
make it clear to citizens which resources or services they can legitimately seek from social agencies
provide a mechanism for the general public, their elected representatives, and the governing boards of organizations to articulate and enforce their policy preferences |
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Term
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Definition
help to establish priorities, since scarce resources prevent societies and organizations from engaging in unlimited projects and serving all in need of assistance
create accountability and enforcement |
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Term
| what does the social welfare institution address? |
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Definition
| the problem of dependency |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals are not fulfilling critical social roles (parenting) or that social institutions are not functioning well enough to support individuals in their expected role performance (economy) |
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Term
| what is the role of the U.S. social welfare institution? |
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Definition
| address those dysfunctional individuals and institutions (families) and help to restore and maintain social equilibrium |
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Term
| what does social welfare consist of? |
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Definition
| social interventions intended to enhance or maintain the social functioning of human beings |
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Term
| social welfare activities are directed at a .... |
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Definition
| societal level including flood control, centers for disease control, federal emergency management agency |
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Term
| what do social welfare activities provide? |
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Definition
| direct services to meet immediate needs of individuals and families (public housing, income maintenance, mental health services, etc) |
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Term
| what is social welfare? (defined) |
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Definition
| a dynamic, ambiguous, concept that is constantly changing in meaning |
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Term
| what are contextual factors in social welfare policy? |
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Definition
| a "systems framework" helps to understand an array contextual factors that shape the choices of decision-makers and advocates; political processes; policy choices; and the impact of policy choices on the nation |
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Term
| what are the types of contextual factors? |
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Definition
| cultural, economic, institutional, social, sequential, legal |
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Term
| cultural contextual factors |
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Definition
| the manner in which americans perceive the importance and causes of specific social problems, the extent that they believe that those in need were responsible for the problems, and the extent that they think that society has an obligation to assist those in need with ameliorative programs |
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Term
| economic contextual factors |
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Definition
the extent that the government has resources, such as tax revenues, to fund social programs
the extent that corporations provide social benefits to employees
the budget priorities of governments |
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Term
| institutional contextual factors |
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Definition
the extent that governments have administrative capabilities to develop and implement social programs
the balance between federal, state, and local jurisdictions in social policy |
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Term
| social contextual factors |
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Definition
| wars, population migrations, demographic changes, industrialization, global economic competition, urbanization |
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Term
| sequential contextual factors |
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Definition
| the effects of the timing of important developments on the evolution of the welfare state |
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Term
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Definition
| the influence of constitutional provisions on the evolution of the welfare state |
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Term
| what is formative evaluation? |
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Definition
understanding the whys and hows of policy formation
descriptive, not analytical
focuses on forming the policy, not on the impact of the policy |
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Term
| what is the summative evaluation? |
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Definition
“Causes and consequences”
Evaluation of policy and its effects and impact on the original social problem
Analytical |
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Term
| what is process evaluation? |
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Definition
| in-progress, deals with how a policy is currently being implemented |
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Term
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Definition
| built so that no one branch of government can become too powerful |
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Term
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Definition
headed by president
executes federal laws and recommends new laws
directs national defense and foreign policy
deals with international powers
signs bills (legislative proposals)
veto's bills to prevent from becoming law |
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Term
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Definition
headed by congress; house and senate
main task of both is to make the laws
passing laws, originating spending bills (house), impeaching officials (senate), approving treaties |
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Term
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Definition
headed by supreme court
interpret the constitution, review laws, and make decisions involving declared rights and individual states |
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Term
| what is TANF (temporary assistance for needy families)? |
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Definition
Funded by the Administration for Children and Families (a subsidiary agency to the US Dep’t. Of Health and Human Services)
The Administration for Children and Families funds state territory, local, and tribal organizations to provide welfare/family assistance
Services are not directly provided by the Administration for Children and Families |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the federal cabinet levels directly related to social welfare? |
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Definition
department of health and human services
department of agriculture
department of education
department of justice
department of labor
department of veteran's affairs
environmental protection agency |
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Term
| what are the three main elements of dialectic approach? |
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Definition
| thesis, antithesis, and synthesis |
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Term
| what is the thesis/antithesis part of dialectic approach? |
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Definition
| represent competing/conflicting extremes on any issue by an interest group |
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Term
| what is the synthesis part of dialectic approach? |
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Definition
| represents a search for "happy medium" for both sides and theoretically moves in the direction of either the thesis or antithesis based on accurate information and objective evidence |
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Term
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Definition
dug into their own ideas and you cannot get them to budge
It’s a matter of presenting your race and defending it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a rule or regulation (usually feedback follows this) |
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Term
| why is critical thinking important? |
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Definition
| problem is that much of our thinking is: biased, distorted, partial, uninformed, prejudiced |
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Term
| what is critical thinking? |
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Definition
| the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking, with the idea of improving it |
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Term
| what does a well-cultivated critical thinker do? |
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Definition
raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely
gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively
comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions
thinks open-mindedly within alternative systems of thought
communicates effectively with others |
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Term
| what does critical thinking require? |
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Definition
standards of excellence and mindful command of their use
effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism |
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Term
| what is egocentric thinking? |
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Definition
| the concept reflects the unfortunate fact that humans do not naturally consider the rights and needs of others |
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