Term
| what has significantly increased the visibility of police actions? |
|
Definition
the prevalence of phone cameras, Internet based platforms such as Youtube, social media.
-this has all lead to the public being more demanding and less forgiving of issues related to police misconduct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the activities of any individual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or private organizations or persons to maintain security or social order
-also defined as- the activities of any individual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or private contract, regulations or policies, written or verbal |
|
|
Term
| Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
|
Definition
a component of the Constitution Act that guarantees basic rights and freedoms
-primary law of the land in Canada
-courts may use the Charter to strike down legislation and criminal laws as unconstitutional
-Legal Rights sections in Sections 7 to 14. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
legislation than includes provisions that define the responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments in the area of criminal justice.
-federal gov has the sole authority to enact criminal laws and to establish the procedures to be followed in criminal cases
-provincial gov were assigned the responsibility for actually administering justice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| federal legislation that sets out criminal law, procedures federal offences, and sentences and procedures for the administering of justice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| include the Anti-Terrorism Act, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Youth Criminal Justice Act, the Canada Evidence Act, the Access to Information Act, and various privacy acts |
|
|
Term
| Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act |
|
Definition
| federal legislation that provides the framework for the operation of the RCMP |
|
|
Term
| social contract perspective (on the role of the police) |
|
Definition
a perspective that considers the police to be a politically neutral force that acts primarily to enforce the law and protect the public
-under this theory, citizens are understood to voluntarily surrender some of their power and rights and delegate them to the state and to the police force
-sees police as a protective force against crime and social disorder |
|
|
Term
| What are the two perspectives on the role of police? |
|
Definition
| The Social Contract Perspective and the Radical Perspective |
|
|
Term
| The Radical Perspective (on the role of policing) |
|
Definition
a perspective that views the police as an instrument used by governments and powerful interests to suppress dissent, stifle protest, and help maintain the status quo.
-they support the government, which in turn supports the the interests of the ruling class, which shows police are never politically neutral. |
|
|
Term
| The legislative framework of police work (4 things) |
|
Definition
-Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
-Constitution Act, 1867
-Criminal Code
-RCMP Act |
|
|
Term
| the Law Reform Commission of Canada identified the following four key values that form the framework for understanding police work in the Canadian society... |
|
Definition
1. Justice- police are to maintain peace and security in the community while ensuring that people are treated fairly and human rights are respected
2. Equality- all citizens are entitled to policing services that contribute to their feelings of safety and security
3. Accountability- the actions of police services, and police officers, are subject to review
4. Efficiency - policing services must be cost effective |
|
|
Term
| the primary activities of the police have traditionally been viewed as centring on three major areas, what are they? |
|
Definition
crime control (catching criminals)
order maintenance (keeping the peace)
service (providing assistance) |
|
|
Term
| The police role has been multifaceted in recent years, often referred to as _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The internal context of police work includes: |
|
Definition
the organizational featured of the police service, including it's size, and structure and the activities and attitudes of its leaders, middle managers, civilian members, patrol officers, and investigative officers.
-also includes the strategic planning and research capacities of the police service which is the organization's ability to develop strategic plans, evaluate it's own performance, and implement reforms when required |
|
|
Term
| the external environment (external context) of a police service includes: |
|
Definition
not limited to the
-the patterns of crime in an area
-relations between the police service and other components of the justice system
-the requirements imposed on the police by the legislation, government policies, and court decisions
-demographics of the community
-types of criminal activity that is present
and more... (p.12) |
|
|
Term
| Access to Information Act |
|
Definition
| allows the public to request info from the police on a variety of matters, and there are extensive requirements for the police to obtain search warrants and DNA warrants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference between how much crime occurs and how much crime is reported to or discovered by the police |
|
|
Term
| key concepts in the study of police work |
|
Definition
-the transparency and accountability of the police
-the cost-benefits of policing
-police legitimacy
-the changing boundaries of policing
-the increasing visibility of the police |
|
|
Term
| it is estimated that the annual costs associated with crime, victimization and the criminal justice system are approximately.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the collective actions taken by the police to enhance the levels of trust and confidence that citizens have in the police |
|
|
Term
| prior to the emergence of centralized states with codified laws, order within and among groups was maintained through.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of self policing that emerged in Greece in early years |
|
|
Term
| First people to use a non-military unit? |
|
Definition
The Roman Empire
the unit was called the Vigiles, their job was to fight fire and maintain order |
|
|
Term
| Where did policing actually evolve into and Institution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| before the Industrial Revolution and capitalism, England maintained order under the principle of 'hue and cry'. What is this? |
|
Definition
| every able-bodied man was responsible for assisting in the pursuit and apprehension of law violators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Alfred the Great instituted this
-based on the principle that every individual was responsible to his neighbours
-every free man between ages 15-60 was required to enroll in a grouping of ten families (a tything) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-frankpledge system
-every man between 15-60 grouped into 10 families
-in each tything, a tythingman was responsible for keeping order
-other members were required to report crimes to him and respond to his hue and cry (Halt! Who goes there?)
-each adult male in the community was required to accept a turn as tythingman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of ten tyths, each headed by a hundredman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gave more authority to the state, the shire reeves were invested with considerable powers, which were often used to collect unjust and oppressive fines and taxes from the community |
|
|
Term
| policing during the reign of Henry III |
|
Definition
| the title of constable was being given to the local law enforcement officers previously known as tythingmen, and a "watch and ward" system had been introduced in communities to maintain order. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a statute that made policing a community responsibility.
-called for the formation of village night watches, to support local constables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centralized peacekeeping duties under justices of the peace |
|
|
Term
| England's first organized body of police was established when? |
|
Definition
| Mid 1700's by Henry Fielding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -founded the first organized police service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-established a full time, unarmed police force in London
-Peel's officers
-1000 men in London |
|
|
Term
| two main types of private security services |
|
Definition
1)security firms that sell their services to businesses, industries, private residences, and neighbourhoods
2) companies that employ their own in-house security officers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the identification of police priorities and objectives and associated resource requirements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies designed to identify trends that may impact demands on the police |
|
|
