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| Best of Times, Worst of Times |
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| Collection of ideas that we gather all over the world. (Help us get around the world of politics) |
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Protect Us
Empower Us
(Ways We Cannot Do Ourselves) |
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Decisions involving enconomy.
Not Persoanl life |
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Decessions based on personal life.
EX: Marriage |
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| Liberalism
(Instructors Definition) |
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Conservatism
(Instructors Definition) |
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Government should regulate social decissions not econmic decisions. |
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Ordinary People Not Getting a Good Deal.
Regulate Economic decisions
Regulate Social decisions |
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Outside of Polotics
(Stays away) |
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| The Power Principle for Understanding Institutions |
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| No Regulate for social or economical decisions |
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Leader at the end that makes the final decision |
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Idea that United States is Unique. Marked by a distinct set of ideas.
(Equality, Self-Rule, And Limited Government) |
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The ability to pursue ones own desires without interference from others. |
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Freedom from constraints or the interference of others
(Swing Fists until one is hit) |
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Freedom & Ability to achieve ones's goals. |
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People who belive in minimal government |
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The idea the legitmate government flows from the people. |
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A government in which citizens rule directly and make government decisions for themselves. |
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An election in which citizens vote directly on an issue |
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A process in which citizens propose new laws or amendments to the state constitution |
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Laws that permit the public to watch policy makers in action or to access the records of government proceedings |
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| A government in which citizens rule indirectly and government makes decisions through representatives |
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The principle that each branch of government has the authority to block other branches
(Limiting Government) |
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A government whose citizens are responsible for one anothers well being/Using gov. as a reassurance |
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All citizens enjoy same privileges,status, and rights before the laws. |
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All Individuals enjoy the same status |
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Ever person has the same political rights and opportunities |
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| A situation where there are only small differences in wealth between citizeens |
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| A statistical term for the value in the middle of a series when the items are arranged in # order. |
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The idea that every American has an equal chance to win economic sucess. |
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The idea that citizens should have roughly equal economic circumstances. |
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| The orientation of citizens of a society toward politics. |
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A national social movement, pimary attracting fiscal and social conservatives.
(want limit government spending and cut taxes) |
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| A colonial American settler contracted to work for a fixed period ( Usually 3 to 7 Years)in exchange for food, shelter and transportion to the New World |
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| A mutual agreement that provides for joint action to achieve defined goals |
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| A compact invoking religious or moral authority |
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When representatives follow expressed wishes of the voters
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| Representatives do what they regard as best interest of the voters-Regardless what voters may wish for |
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Amount higher than a simplemajority. Typical requirment for a proposal to be adoppted |
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Group of independent states of nations that yeild some of their powers to a national gov. |
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| Convention of delegates from 13 colonies, which became the acting national government for the deration of the Rev. War |
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| Convention of delegates, from 12 of the 13 colonies that met in 1774 |
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| Economic theory in which gov controls foreign trade in order to maintain prosperity and security. |
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| Representatives do what they regard as the best interest of the voters, regardless of what the voters might wish for. |
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| When reps follow expressed wishes of the voters |
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| A compact invoking religious or moral authority |
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| Mutual agreement that provides a joint action to achieve defined goals. |
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| A colonial American settler contracted to work for a fixed period (3 to 7 years) in exchange for food shelter and transportation. |
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| Principle of legal interperatation based on the idea that constitution evolves that it must be put in the context of contemperary realities |
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| Principle of legal interperation that relies on the orginal meaning of those who wrote the constitution |
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| First 10 amendments to the Constitution, listing rights of every citizens. |
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| Democractic ideal, rooted in ancient greece & rome that requires citizens to participate directly in public affairs |
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| System est. by const. to elect the president each state has a # of electors |
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| Having a single legslative house or chamber |
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| put forward at the convention by small states, it left most gov authority/ th state gov |
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| A principle of legal interpretation that relies on the orginal meaning of those who wrote the constitution |
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| A principle of legal interpretation based on the idea that the Constitution evolves and that it must be put in the context of contemprary realities |
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| Madison's plan, embraced by Constitutional Convention delegates from larger states; strengthened the national government relative to state governments |
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| A national polity governed as a single unit, with the central government exercising all or most political authority |
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| A group of independent states or nations that yield some of their powers to a national government, although each state retains a degree of sovereign authority |
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| A critical term applied to governments inability to advanced policy solutions because of clashes among different branches or between national and state officials |
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| The spreading of policy ideas from one city or state to others; typically US federalism |
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| National government powers set out explicitly in the constitution |
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| Necessary and proper clause |
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| Defines Congress constitutional authority to exercise the "necessary and proper" powers to carry out its designated functions |
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| National government powers implied by but not specifically named in the Constitution |
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| The constitutional declaration that the national governments authority prevails over any conflicting state or local government claims |
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| The constitutional guarantee that the states retain government authority not explicitly granted to the national government |
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| Governmental authority shared by national and state governments, such as the power to tax residents |
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| Full faith & Credit Clause |
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| The constitutional requirement that each state recognize and uphold laws passed by another state |
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| Deal (Layer Cake) Federalism |
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| Clear division of government authority between national and state governments |
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| Cooperative ( or marble cake) federalism |
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| Mingled governing authority, with functions overlapping across national and state governments |
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| National government funding provided to state and local governments, along wit specific instructions about how the funds may be used |
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| A version of cooperative federalism, stronger emphasis on state and local gov activity |
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| National government funding provided to state and local governments with relatively few restrictions or requirements on spending |
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| The transfer of authority from national to state or local government level |
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| An obligated imposed on the stat or local government officials vy federal legislation without sufficient feral funding support to cover the costs |
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| Robust spirit of national identity shared by a people |
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| Citizen participation in public life without government incentives or coercion |
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| a designated group of people from whom a set of poll respondents is randomly selected |
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| People sharing specific factors, EX AGE,RELIGION likely voters |
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| Persons identified as probably voters in an upcoming election |
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| The influence on the respondence on how the polling question is asked |
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| A form of negative campaigning that masquerades as a regular opinion survey |
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| The degree of an accuracy in any poll |
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| The tendency of poll respondents to misstate their views. |
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| Undecided voters follow the crowd |
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| the discrepancy high poll ratings and election performance |
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| Undecided voters vote for loser |
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| Pattern differences in political opinions between men and women |
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| Individuals who control significant wealth power etc |
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| The lack of a stable perspective in response to opinion surveys |
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| political authority claimed by an election winner as reflecting the approval of the people |
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| A measure of public support for a political figure or institution |
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| A presidential declaration with the force of law that issues instructions to the executive branch without any requirement for congressional action or approval |
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| The issues that the public considers important |
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| A measure of what proportion on eligible voters actual cast a legitimate ballot on a given election |
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| Public engament in the form of voting |
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| Citizen participation in public life w/o gov incentives |
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| Exercising ones public rights |
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| for most individuals the cost of voting |
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| Relations between people that build closer tides of trust |
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| Efforts to encourage people to engage in the publics sphere |
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| Organize efforts to advanced a proposed public policy change |
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| Passed In 1993, Vote when have CA ID |
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| Circle of non participation |
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| Resistance by political parties to motivate disengaged voters to vote |
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| Short hand for the sheer volume of information and noise generated for the online sources |
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| The gap Between those with ready access to the internet with those with/without internet |
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| Southern Pacific Railroad |
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| 1861 Sacramento merchants Led By Lelan Stanford Founded. Convinced congress to invest in connection between CA and eastern states expanding market |
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| Political Group that blamed hard times (World War II) on Chinese and railroads |
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| mandated regulation of railroads, utilities, banks, and corporations. |
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| Public Policy issues affecting CA |
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| Committed CA 9.95 Billion in bonds to partially fund an 800 mile long high speed rail program |
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EPA
Environmental Protection Agency |
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Regulates un healthy air in CA
Top cities: LA, riverside long beach etc |
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| Amounting to about 20% of state and local government revenues |
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