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| collection of individual opinions towards objects issues, significant amt. of people |
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| they way things ought to be not the way things are |
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| Intent-collecting vs. measuring, selection-selecting an accurate sampling group, wording, respondent - bradly effect |
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| taking a small section of entire nation as a representative example, similar to blood testing. |
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| Sounds made up. No substance. |
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| Leadership vs. representation |
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| elected officials should be influenced by public opinion, leadership uses own judgement |
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| Persuasion vs. manipulation |
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| persuading - showing others your view and being honest manipulation - lying to change peoples minds |
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| Any involvement in the political process |
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| voting, running for office, volunteering, donating your moneys, letter writing, advertising, conventional protesting marching, picketing. Interest group, Unconventional, rebellion, terrorism, assassination, rioting |
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| Why is turnout low in U.S. |
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| Corruption, mistrust in government |
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| Factors that influence political participation |
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| Income, literacy. Group membership, marriage, property ownership |
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| Voting for the best man not based on which party |
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| Not possible without official ballot |
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| Watchdog of the government, huge influence over the public opinion |
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| Media and the profit bias |
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| Influences coverage, 'scandals' instead of issues etc. |
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| 3 functions of political parties |
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| Organize government, channel ambition, simplify process of choosing leaders |
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| Three goals of political parties |
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| win elections, get a majority, implement policy |
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| Reasons for a two party system |
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| Single member simple plurality system, 1 member per district, needs to win more votes than everyone else, not a majority, no incentive for small parties, instead parties must appeal to broad range of people |
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| Progressive reform, impact |
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| Anti political machines, weakened political party system. |
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| Exist to express different views during elections, Include libertarian parties, green party, communist, socialist parties etc |
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| Parties based on protesting singular issues, Include populous party, prohibition party etc. |
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| Formed by dissatisfied factions from major parties, center around popular person, Bull moose party, Dixiecrats, American Independence party |
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| Modern Mass political party and founders |
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| Founded by Andrew Jackson, Martin VanBuren, based for the people, democratic party |
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| Functions served by third parties |
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| Bringing up issues to the public, forcing government to adjust views on issues to please majority, presenting alternative ideology |
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| Criteria for a good election |
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| 'clean' election, fraud free, turnout, how informational is the campaign, Absence of demagoguery (playing to peoples emotions) Effect |
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| Races decided by the house of reps |
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Definition
1800 Jefferson vs. Burr
1824 John Quincy, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, William Crawford.
Adams won |
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| Races where winner of popular vote lost |
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Rutherford Vs. Hayes, Rutherford won, because of a compromise
2000 Bush vs Gore
1824 election JQA won
1888 Harrison won |
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| Bush sr. vs. Dukakis, demagoguery (willie horton add, tank add) Bush sr won |
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Bush Sr. Vs. Clinton Vs. Perot
Perot a huge factor, splinter party, Buchannan challenged bush in the primary, caused approval to go down. Perot dropped out, endorsed Clinton, came back in race. Clinton won. |
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| Gingrich built up anger toward democratic party, pointing out scandals etc. Criticized mishandling of health care reform. Republicans won power in House of reps and Senate, Democratics had majority for 8 years before then. Power struggle over Budget, government shut down for a few days |
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| Clinton vs. Bob Dole. Clinton started campaigning in summer '95. used Triangulation - finding medium between two parties, moderate. Bob Dole was clearly a douche bag, and too old. Tried to be aggressive, tried to be nice, neither worked. Economy was doing well, Clinton had strong platform. |
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| Clinton and Lewinsky FUCKED Clinton impeachment trial. Democrats picked up seats. |
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| Bush vs. Gore American political sciences association predicted Gore would win by a large margin. Relied on the economy. Gore distanced himself from clinton, didn't work. Bush's campaign strategy went smooth, 'new republican party' campaigned hard in home state. Bush won electoral, Gore won popular |
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| Very low turnout. Close partisan division, Bush very active advocating republican candidates. Campaigned war on terror and economy, Republicans pick up both majorities |
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| Kerry vs. Bush - two shitty candidates. Main focal points, foreign policy and the economy. Demogog. on both sides. Bush won 51% of popular vote, most of electoral votes. Kerry should have used economy more. Republicans got higher majority in both houses. |
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| After 6 years people were tired of president. Republicans lost majority. Too much republican scandal, War in Iraq got old. 26 seats in house 6 seats in senate lost, biggest loss in house ever was 116 seats. what a prick. |
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| Obama vs. McCain Good campaigns, informational, less demagoguery, Obama won. |
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| Rules of interest group formation |
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| Rule of emotional intensity, playing on emotions, Rule of Proportion-larger part of the group you make up the more people participate. Issues that directly benefit people more effective than collective goods like water, air etc. |
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| people assume others will take care of collective goods and don't participate, environment a big part of it. |
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| Face to face meeting with policy makers |
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| Email/Letter writing, Advertising, Protests demonstrations |
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| Iron triangles/Issue networks |
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| Iron triangle conspiracy, between bureaucrats, congressional committees and lobbyists closed off making policy, not actually true, issue networks exist between them that aren't closed. |
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| Madison's view of interest groups |
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| Madison thought factions would cancel each other out |
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