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a system by which imperial governments used military power to enrich themselves and their supporters, then used those riches to enhance their military power |
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the settlement that ended the 30 years war in 1648 often said to have created the modern state system because it included a general recognition of the principles of sovereignty and nonintervention |
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the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy – or ultimate authority – within their terrorist boundaries |
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the predominance of one nation state over others |
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“British peace” a century long period beginning with napoleon’s defeat at waterloo in 1815 and ending with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 during which Britain’s ECONOMIC AND DIPLOMATIC INFLUENECE CONTRIBUTED TO ECONOMIC OPENNESS AND RELATIVE PEACE |
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the monetary system that prevailed between about 1870-1914 in which countries tied their currencies to gold at a legally fixed price |
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the peace treaty between the allies and Germany that formally ended world war I on June 28, 1919 |
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a permanent international security organization formed in the aftermath of world war I. the league was supplanted by the united nations after world war II and was dissolved in 1946 |
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a military alliance created in 1949 to bring together many western European nations, the united states, and Canada forming the foundation of the American led military bloc during the cold war. Nato handles regional problems and develops a rapid reaction force |
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the economic order negotiated among allied nations at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944, which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving a commitment to relatively low barriers to international trade and investment. |
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a military alliance formed in 1955 to bring together the soviet union and its cold war allies in eastern Europe and elsewhere dissolved on march 21, 1991 as the cold war ended |
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the process of shedding colonial possessions, especially the rapid end of the European empires in Africa, asia, and the Caribbean between the 1940’s and the 1960’s |
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what actors want to achieve through political action, their preferences over the outcomes that might result from their political choices |
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the basic unit for the analysis of international politics; can be individuals or groups of people with common interests |
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· a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws, rules, and decisions within a specified territory |
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the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy – or ultimate authority – within their territorial boundaries |
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interests attributed to the state itself, usually security and power |
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| a political system in which candidates compete for political office through frequent, fair elections in which a sizable portion of the adult population can vote |
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the ways in which the choices of two or more actors combine to produce political outcomes |
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an interaction in which two or more actors adopt policies that make at least one actor better off relative to the status quo |
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an interaction in which actors must choose outcomes that make one better off at the expense of another. Bargaining is redistribute: it involves allocating a fixed sum of value between different actors. |
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– a type of cooperative interaction of which actors benefit from all making the same choices and subsequently have no incentive to not comply |
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a type of cooperative interaction in which actors gain from working together but nonetheless have incentives to not comply with any agreement |
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| individually and socially desireable goods that are nonexcludable and noonrival in consumption such as national defense |
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| collective action problems |
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| obstacles to cooperation that occur when actors have incentives to collaborate but each acts in aticipation that others will pay the costs of cooperation |
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| to fail to contribute to a public good while benefitting from the contribution of others |
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| repeated interactions with the same partners |
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| the linking of cooperation on one issue to interactions on a second issue |
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the ability of actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do
the ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoid having to make concessions oneself |
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| the threat of imposition of costs on other actors in order to change their behavior. means of international coercion include military force, economic sanctions, embargos |
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| the alternative to bargaining with a specific actor |
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| a first mover advantage that helps an actor to secure a more favorable bargain |
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| sets of rules, known and shared by the community, that structure political interactions in specific ways |
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| the absence of a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws that bind all actors |
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| an event involving the organized use of military force by at least two parties that satisfies some minimum threshold of severity |
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| a war in which the main participants are states |
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| a war in which the main participants are within the same state, such as the government and a rebel group |
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| a bargaining interaction in which at least one actor threatens to use force in the event that its demands are not met |
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| the use of threats to influence the outcome of a bargaining interaction |
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| the set of deals that both parties in a bargaining interaction prefer to the reversion outcome. when the reversion outcome. when the reversion outcome is war, the bargaining range is the set of deals taht both sides prefer to war |
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| an effort to change the status quo through the threat of the force |
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| an effort to preserve the status quo through the threat of force |
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| a situation in which parties in a strategic interaction lack information about other parties' interests and/or capabilities |
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| the willingness of an actor to endure costs in order to acquire some good |
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| in crisis bargaining, the tradeoff ebtween trying to get a better deal and trying trying to avoid a war |
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| a strategy in which adversaries take actions that increase the risk of accidental war, with the hope that the other will "blink," or lose its nerve, first and make concessions |
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| negative repercussions for failing to follow through on a threat or to honor a commitment |
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| a war fought with the intention of preventing an adversary from becoming stronger in the future. preventative wars arise because states whose power is increasing cannot commit not to exploit that power in future bargaining interactions |
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| the situation that arises when military technology, military strategies, and/or geography give a significant advantage to whichever state attacks first in a war |
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| a war fought with the anticipation that an attack by the other side is imminent |
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| a good that cannot be divided without dimishing its value |
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| the collection of organizations - including the military, the diplomatic corps, and the intelligence agencies - that carry out most tasks of governance |
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| groups of individuals with common interests that organize to influence public policy in a manner than benefits their members |
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| the tendency for people to become more supportive of their country's government in response to dramatic international events such as crises of wars |
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| the incentive that state leaders have to start international crises in order to rally public support at home |
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| military-industrial complex |
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| an alliance between military leaders and the industries that benefit from international conflict, such as arms manufacturers. |
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| the observation that there are few, if any, clear cases of war between mature democratic states |
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| the ability to punish or reward leaders for decisions they make as when frequent fair elections enable voters to hold elected officials responisble for their actions by granting or witholding access to political office |
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