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| The institutions and procedures through which a land and its people are ruled. |
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| A form of government in which a single individual rules. |
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| A form of government in which a small group of landowners, military officers, or wealthy merchants controls most of the governing decisions. |
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| A system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through selection of key public officials. |
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| Constitutional Government |
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| A systemof rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of government. |
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| A system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions. |
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| A system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other other social institutions that might challenge it. |
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| 2 Basic Foundations of Government |
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| A means of coercion(army), and a means of collecting revenue(taxes) |
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| Compulsory military service, usually for a prescribed period or for the duration of the war, the draft. |
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| To maintain order, to protect property, and to provide public goods |
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| Enjoying the benefits of some good or action while letting others bear the costs. |
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| A good that may be enjoyed by anyone if it is provided and may not be denied to anyone once it has been provided. |
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| The conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of government. Who gets what, when and how. |
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| Five Principles Of Politics |
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1. All Political behavior has Purpose 2. All politics is collective action 3. Institutions routinely solve collective-action problems
4. Political outcomes are the products of individual preferences and institutional procedures
5. History matters |
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| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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| A group established by an interest group, labor union, or some other organization to collect donations and distribute them as campaign contributions to candidates and political parties. |
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| Done with purpose, forethought, or even calculation. All acts of politics need to be clearly thought out so no group or party gets too upset. |
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| The pooling of resources and the coordination of effort and activity by a group of people to achieve common goals. Usually through formal bargaining. |
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| The idea that groups provide members with private benefits to attract membership. The possibility of group collective action emerges as a consequence. Basically states that most individualys in a large group don't affect outcome that much, and so decide to abstain from participating. Olson proposed the idea of selective benefits to avoid this. |
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| Certain incentives to participate in a collective action problem, or pay dues to be part of a club. Mancur Olson's answer to free riding. |
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| The rules and procedures that provide incentives for political behavior, thereby shaping politics. Carry out the tasks of government. |
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| Problems that arise when the group goals/intersts ar enot identical to personal goals. |
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| Cycling Winning Coalitions |
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| Problems that arise in a majority rules system when a good needs to be split. i.e. 100 dollars to split up between 3 parties, each continuosly negotiate to try to get maximum amound for themselves or their constituents. |
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| A two party version of collective action problem. i.e. Two defendants, fink or don't fink, given certain rewards/punishments for both. |
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| The designation of someone or group who has the authority to apply the rules or make the decisions. i.e Us Congress's "standing committees" |
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| The idea that in every part of an institution, decisions have to be made. There are guidelines to force a decision. |
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| The control over what a group will consider for deicussion. |
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| The ability to defeat something even if it has made it onto the agenda of an institution |
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| The transmission of authority to some other official or body for the latter's use. Appointing of certain people/groups to a task. |
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| Occurs when there is a difference in what an appointed representative has in mind and what his constituents does. People can't always observe or control their elected officials. |
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| The cost of clarifying each aspect of a principal-agent relationship and monitoring it to make sure arrangements are complied with. |
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| The incentives for which policians do things includes: ideological, personal, electoral, and institutional reasons. |
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| the idea thta certain possibilities are made more or less likely because of the historical path taken. |
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