Term
| state, treasury, war departments |
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Definition
founded in 1798
state - diplomacy
treasury - prints money, debt, grants
war - national defense
dept. of defense created 1947 (merged War and navy) |
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Term
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Definition
created 1870
attorney general went from private lawyer to cabinent position
fastest growing bbureaucracy in 1980s
fbi, ins, dept. corrections |
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Term
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Definition
1849
first proposed 1789 (did not pass for fear of states rights impedement)
@ 1st - oversaw patents, public lands, indian affairs
strong ties to interest groups (sometimes called clientele department) |
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Term
clientele departments
-agriculture 1862
-commerce - 1903
-labor - 1913 |
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Definition
| founded in response to interest group prssures |
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Term
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Definition
1862
research, subsidies, marketing |
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Term
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Definition
founded 1903
business promotion,
census bureau,
patent office
NOAA |
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Term
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Definition
1913
originally part of commerce
monitors worker conditions
employment standards
unemployment
job creation |
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Term
| health and human services department |
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Definition
1965
originally health, education, welfare |
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Term
| housing and urban development |
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Definition
1965
public housing
mortgage guarantee
urban renewal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
new clientele
1979
campaign promise made by CARTER to NEA |
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Term
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Definition
1989
response to pressure from promises made by Reagan and Bush
poorly run and unresponsive |
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Term
| other types of Bureaucracy |
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Definition
Independent agencies
NASA, Smithsonian
Gov't corporations
post office
regulatory commissions
deals with govt and pribate sector interface |
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Term
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Definition
2.7 million people work for bureaucracy
merit hires
lack of diversity |
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Term
-personal systems
civil service system |
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Definition
created in 1883
responded to corruption
high turnover rate
all govt employees appointed by president
execution of Garfield in 1883
hired on expertise and promoted based on performance. |
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Term
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Definition
governed by OMP )office of personnel management)
role is to be staffing arm of president |
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Term
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Definition
merit service protection board
enforces merit principles
protects civil servants from arbitrary treatment |
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Term
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Definition
Agent selection
spoils system, "bonding" merit system
Agency structure
control of decision-rules, guaranteed access for preferred stakeholders |
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Term
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Definition
monitoring
police patrol
fire alarm
congressional hearings, audits, case work |
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Term
| administrative procedures act 1946 |
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Definition
1946
the law which regulates how administrative agencies propose and enforce regulations |
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Term
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Definition
recommendations resulted in the excecutive committee of the president
suggested president should have control over administrative departments |
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Term
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Definition
| increased # of district and appeals courts |
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Term
3 eras of the court
nation vs state authority
government regulation of economy
civil rights and liberties |
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Definition
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Term
| nation vs state authority |
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Definition
marshall favored national supremacy
mcCulloch vs maryland & taxation of national bank officials
Roger Taney (jacksons appointee) favored states rightsd
Dred Scott vs sanford
debate/era ended by 14th amendment |
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Term
| gov't regulation of economy |
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Definition
1865-1941
courts struck down programs seen as detrimental to business
new deal era
only changed because Roosevelt was able to fill 7 vacancies between 1937-1941 |
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Term
| Civil rights and liberties |
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Definition
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Term
| structure of federal juciciary |
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Definition
only supreme court is mentioned in constitution
w/ juciciary act of 1798 came federal judiciary
lower level fed. courts designed to handle litigation. judicial review
each court is an agent of supreme court |
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Term
statistics of federal judiciary
# of district courts
# of justices
# of courts of appeals
# of judges on courts of appeals |
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Definition
94 district courts
632 justices
13 courts of appeals
179 judges on court of appeals |
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Term
11 circuit courts cover the US.
a 12th is in washington DC
a 13, called us court of appeals for the Federal Circuit, has nationwide jurisdiction |
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Definition
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Term
supreme court
court of final appeal |
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Definition
appellate and original jurisdiction
life tenure
control of lower courts is difficult |
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Term
| supreme court & separation of powers |
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Definition
power of reorganization granted to congress
article III, implied power regarding size of court STUART vs LAIRD |
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Term
| immigration and naturalization service vs Chadha (1983) |
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Definition
| voided the legislative veto, but the practice still occurs |
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Term
| supreme courts limiting of issues |
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Definition
| can choose to not hear any certain type of cases |
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Term
| judiciary limitations for supreme court |
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Definition
constitutional limits
congress and president
internal organizational weaknesses |
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Term
| senate confirmation of judges |
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Definition
only 6 rejected in 20th century
3 of those after 1969
due to divided govt |
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Term
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Definition
AMA 800 to 70000 members
comcept of mandatory free care disappears |
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Term
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Definition
middle class concerned at growing healthcare costs
driven by new technology and procedures
AMA consolidates power, grows prestige of doctors |
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Term
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Definition
birth of INSURANCE
GM contracts w/ met life
blue cross begins selling private insurance |
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Term
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Definition
root of US system of employer linked coverage
birth of prepaid group coverage
truman offers NATIONAL healthcare proposal
denounced by AMA, called a communist plot |
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Term
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Definition
health care costs 4.5% of GDP
(specialist dr's are 69% by end of 1960s) |
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Term
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Definition
hospitcal costs double in first 5 years
fed govt assumes responsibility for care of the aged |
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Term
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Definition
nixon offers national health care
rejected by democrats in fear or "rationing" and poor care
nixon champions enlarged prepaid system
law passed, renames these HMO's
costs continue to rise, mostly in medicare
health care crisis |
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Term
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Definition
corporatization of hospitals
betrays potential willingness to reform
AMA pushes for and receives "fee for diagnosis" rather than "fee for treatment" |
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Term
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Definition
clinton proposes reform for universal health care
fails due to
proposed too late
too little buy in from congress
too few benefits for already insured
blamed in part for dems losing congress in 40 years
costs continued to rise @ twice rate of inflation
uninsured rose from 37 million in 1993 to 44 million by end of decade
state childrens health insurance program created
health insurance portability and accountability act |
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Term
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Definition
medicare prescription drug coverage offered
Bush proposes replacing corporate w/ individual tax credit for insurance
health savings accounts created |
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Term
| current health care debate |
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Definition
46 million americans have no insurance
25 million are under insured
2007 2.4 trillion, 7900 per person, 17% GDP
62% bankruptcies due to medical care |
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Term
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Definition
we spend 52% more per person than next largest spender
we are ranked 26th in world in infant mortality
2008 - 1 in 5 americans delayed vital care due to costs |
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Term
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Definition
| 68% republicans feel U.S. has best healthcare in world vs 30% democrats |
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Term
2008 presidential campaign
put health care on the agenda. |
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Definition
Obama made a central feature of campaign
all business provide
all kids are covered
McCain also encouraged, introduced competition among insurers |
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Term
2008 presidential campaign
put health care on the agenda. |
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Definition
Obama made a central feature of campaign
all business provide
all kids are covered
McCain also encouraged, introduced competition among insurers |
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Term
April 2009 on healthcare
after election |
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Definition
77% americans supported HC refore
72% said they would support govt program
60% willing to pay higher taxes |
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Term
| Current Debate of Health Care Refore |
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Definition
health insurance only has 3.5% profit margin
AMA supports refore (18%-30% Dr's belong)
44 million americans have no insurance |
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Term
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Definition
| "never let a good crisis go to waste) |
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Term
| current debate for healthcare reform |
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Definition
low reimbursement rates for Medicaid, medicare, and tricare
high cost of med care for individuals and nation |
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Term
Current healthcare debate
early days in congress |
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Definition
july 14th, 2009
"america's affordable health choices act"
referred by speaker pelosi to 5 committees
ways and means
oversight and govt reform
budget
energy and commerce
education and labor |
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Term
current healthcare debate
opposition |
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Definition
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Term
| last vote by energy and commerce on july 31st |
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Definition
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Term
major disagreements between parties
republicans |
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Definition
say the cost estimates for reform are off
say cost of 2.5 billion dollars |
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Term
major disagreements between parties
democrats |
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Definition
| cost of 900 billion dollars |
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Term
| major sources of disagreement of national health care |
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Definition
public option
cost
abortion
us catholics would not support bill w/o provisions on abortion |
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Term
| major disagreements on reform |
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Definition
some democrats argue it is too expensive
some say govt should not be involved
decent % of dems consider themselves "prolife" (more repubs though) |
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Term
| Reconciled house bill on health care reform |
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Definition
required coverage
public option
insurance exchange
tax credits
fines for larg companies |
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Term
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Definition
bars any plan purches with subsides or through exchange from covering abortion
deal between approximately 40 prolife dems and pelosi |
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Term
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Definition
passes 220-215
lost 37 votes among conservative dems
picked up one repub vote |
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Term
| interest groups take aim of healthcare reform |
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Definition
40 million in the weeks leading up to and following the passage
600 million total
bill does not reduce costs
AMA AARP love the reform |
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Term
| majority leader announces plan on house bill for HC reform |
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Definition
costs 100 billion less
covers 5 million fewer
starts 1 year later
taxes "cadillac plans"
required one plan to cover abortion and one not |
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Term
| congress leadership roles |
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Definition
| o Leadership roles (president, pro-tem[vice president, the deciding vote in the house of representatives], majority leader) only formalized in 1913 |
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Term
alexander hamilton
federalist |
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Definition
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Term
jefferson & madison
antifederalists/democratic republicans |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| brown vs board of education 1954,1955 |
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Definition
| segregated schools violated 14th amendment |
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Term
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Definition
4th cheif justice.
decided marbury vs madison 1803 (judicial review) |
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