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POLI 2051
Chapters 6, 8, 9 &10
58
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/02/2010

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
exit poll
Definition
when you ask people how they voted as they're leaving the poll
Term
agents of socialization
Definition
friends, family, schools, religions, demographics
Term
gender gap
Definition
the difference in men's and women's views and voting preferences. the measurable difference in the way men and women vote for candidates and view political issues
Term
generational effect
Definition
(age-cohort effect) the impact of a significant external even in shaping the views of a generation. felt most strongly by young people. (ex: 9/11)
Term
political socialization
Definition
how people get opinions about issues and broad ideologies
Term
public opinion
Definition
public's expressed views about an issue at a specific point in time
Term
public opinion poll
Definition
important tool that policy makers, researchers, and public rely on as an indicator of public opinion. gives the publics opinion of an issue at a particular point in time
Term
push polls
Definition
(1) provides information to campaigns about a candidate's strengths and weaknesses and (2)attempts to skew public opinion about a candidate. Helps gauge voter priorities so that a campaign can better target its message.
Term
straw polls
Definition
a poll conducted in an unscientific manner in an attempt to predict the outcome of an election. one of first efforts to gauge public opinion.
Term
tracking poll
Definition
measures the changes in public opinion over the course of days, weeks, or months by repeatedly asking respondents the same questions
Term
candidate-centered campaign
Definition
a campaign in which the individual seeking election, rather than the part slate, is the focus
Term
candidate committees
Definition
organizations that candidates form to support their individual election as opposed to the party's slate of candidates
Term
dealignment
Definition
the phenomenon in which fewer voters support the two major political parties and instead self-identify as independent
Term
divided government
Definition
the situation in which one party controls congress and the other, the presidency
Term
independent
Definition
a voter who does not select a party and is technically an unaffiliated voter
Term
loyal opposition
Definition
a role that the party out of power plays, highlighting its objections to policies and priorities of the government in power
Term
New Deal
Definition
Franklin Roosevelt's broad social welfare program, in which the government would bear the responsibility of providing a "safety net" to protect the weakest member of society
Term
New Deal coalition
Definition
the group composed of southern Democrats, northern city dwellers, immigrants, the poor, Catholics, labor union members, blue-collar workers, African-Americans and women that elected FDR to the presidency four times
Term
party identifiers
Definition
individuals who identify themselves as a member of one party or the other
Term
party in government
Definition
the partisan identifications of elected leaders in local, county, state, and federal government
Term
party in the electorate
Definition
individuals who identify with or tend to support a party
Term
party organization
Definition
the formal party apparatus, including committees, party leaders, conventions, and workers
Term
party system
Definition
the categorization of the number and competitiveness of political parties in a policy
Term
patronage
Definition
the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
Term
platform
Definition
the formal statement of a party's principles and policy objectives
Term
political party
Definition
an organization that recruits, nominates, and elects party members to office in order to control the government
Term
populism
Definition
a philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to the elites
Term
primary election
Definition
an election in which voters choose the party's candidates who will run in the later general election
Term
realignment
Definition
a shift in party allegiances or electoral support
Term
spoils system
Definition
the practice of rewarding political supporters with jobs
Term
ticket splitting
Definition
the situation in which voters vote for candidates from more than one party
Term
absentee voting
Definition
the casting of a ballot in advance by mail in situations where certain circumstances prevent voters from voting in their precinct
Term
campaign strategy
Definition
the blue print for the campaign, including a budget and fund-raising plan, and advertising strategy , a staffing plan
Term
caucus
Definition
a meeting of all members of the political party in one chamber in which they elect leaders, approve committee assignments, and elect committee chairpersons
Term
general election
Definition
an election that determines which candidates win the offices being sought
Term
GOTV
Definition
get out the vote
Term
incumbency
Definition
the situation of already holding the office that is up for reelection
Term
independent expenditures
Definition
outlays by PACs and others, typically for advertising for or against a candidate, but uncoordinated with a candidate's campaign
Term
initiative
Definition
a direct democracy process in which citizens draft a desired policy and get a state-specified number of signatures on a petition in support of the proposal so that it is placed on the ballot for voters to approve or reject
Term
office-block ballot
Definition
a type of ballot that arranges all of the candidates for a particular office under the name of that office
Term
party-column ballot
Definition
a ballot that organizes the candidates by political party
Term
proposition
Definition
a proposed measure placed on the ballot in an initiative election
Term
prospective voting
Definition
a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views
Term
rational abstention thesis
Definition
a theory that some individuals decide the costs of voting are not worth the effort when compared to the benefits
Term
recall
Definition
a direct democracy measure by which citizens can remove an elected official from office before the end of his or her term
Term
referendum
Definition
a direct democracy measure that places public policy drafted by government officials on the ballot for voters to approve or reject
Term
runoff election
Definition
a follow-up election when no candidate receives the majority of votes cast in the original election
Term
voter fatigue
Definition
the condition in which voters grow tired of all candidates by the time election day arrives and may thus be less likely to vote
Term
fairness doctrine
Definition
the requirement that stations provide equal time to all parties regarding important public issues and equal access to airtime to all candidates for public office
Term
fireside chats
Definition
FDR's radio addresses to the country
Term
framing
Definition
the process by witch the media set a context that helps consumers understand important events and matters o shared interest
Term
media segmentation
Definition
the breaking down of the media according to the specific audiences they target
Term
muckraking
Definition
criticisms and exposés of corruption in the government and industry by journalists at the turn of the twentieth century
Term
narrowcasting
Definition
the process of aiming media content at specific segments of the public
Term
priming
Definition
bringing certain policies on issues to the public agenda through media coverage
Term
public agenda
Definition
the public issues that most demand the attention of government officials
Term
soft news
Definition
events or topics that are not serious or broadly important
Term
yellow journalism
Definition
an irresponsible, sensationalist approach to news reporting
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