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Poli 201 test 1
ya
72
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
02/06/2013

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Term
13th Amendment
Definition
abolition of Slavery
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the laws
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
Right to vote no matter race, age, or previous condition of servitude
Term
1964 Civil Rights Act
Definition
Solidified Desegregation (made segregation illegal)
Term
1965 Voting Act
Definition
outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.
Term
3/5 Compromise
Definition
slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for population purposes for the House
Term
4th amendment
Definition
prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures
Term
Adarand Constructors v. Pena
Definition
Racial Stuff
Term
American Creed
Definition
national creed of the US
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
the first 'Constitution' approved during the 2nd Continental Congress. Was a weak document
Term
Barron v. Baltimore
Definition
Bill of Rights restrict the national government, not the states
Term
Bicameralism
Definition
2 legislative bodies (House and Senate)
Term
Bill of Attainder
Definition
A legislative act that singles out an individual or group for punishment without a trial.
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
separate but equal is not constitutional
Term
Congressional Statute
Definition
law enacted by congress
Term
Cooperative Federalism
Definition
the states and national government are cooperating partners
Term
Creative Federalism
Definition
common planning and decision making
Term
Democracy
Definition
a system in which policy represents and responds to the public's preferences
Term
Democratic Centralism
Definition
a form of democracy where the true interests of the citizens is determined by a small group
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
a form of democracy where everyone participates in policy making
Term
District of Columbia v. Heller
Definition
right to possess a firearm for self defense within the home
Term
Double Jeopordy
Definition
Prevents you from being tried twice over the same crime (unless there is a mistrial)
Term
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Definition
slaves were not citizens and could not sue...said missouri compromise was unconstitutional
Term
Dual Federalism
Definition
the two levels of government are functionally separate with states having their sphere of influence
Term
Elitism
Definition
The advocacy or existence of an elite as a dominating element in a system or society.
Term
Engel v. Vitale
Definition
prayer in public schools violates the establishment clause
Term
Federalist Papers
Definition
campaign propaganda to get the states to ratify the new constitution
Term
Gideon v. Wainwright
Definition
the right to counsel (6th amendment) must be given to indigent defendants in non-capital cases
Term
Gitlow v. New York
Definition
1st amendment protection of speech first incorporated into states
Term
Government
Definition
The system by which a nation, state, or community is governed
Term
Great Compromise
Definition
each state is represented in the House of Reps. according to population size. In the Senate, each sate is represented by 2 Senators
Term
Gregg v. Georgia
Definition
reaffirmed death penalty as constitutional
Term
Grutter v. Bollinger
Definition
universities cannot establish racial quotas in attempt of diversity
Term
Guinn v. United States
Definition
saying that administering a reading test to vote was discriminatory and violated the 15th amendment
Term
Hamiltonian Model
Definition
Strong national government, energetic president, implied powers for Congress
Term
Hyperpluralsim
Definition
A state in which many groups or factions are so strong that a government is unable to function.
Term
Laissez-faire
Definition
an idea where the government steps back acts only if absolutely necessary
Term
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Definition
aid to church related schools must have secular legislative purpose, neither advance nor inhibit religion, and must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion
Term
Madisonian Model
Definition
Dispersion of Power...checks and balances, separation of powers, federalism
Term
Majority Rule
Definition
popular vote
Term
Majority Tyranny
Definition
when people get together against a minority
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
The Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are unconstitutional and therefore void
Term
McColluch v. Maryland
Definition
gave Congress broad powers because the Constitution is up to interpretation
Term
Miranda Rights
Definition
You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford one, one will be appointed for you.
Term
Miranda v. Arizona
Definition
set guidelines for police questioning of accused persons must be used to protect them against self incrimination and to protect their rights to counsel
Term
Missouri Compromise
Definition
prevented slavery from expanding....regulating slavery in western territories
Term
Mobilization of Political Activity
Definition
citizens believe they can mobilize and have a practical effect on policy outcomes where there are smaller units of governments and many elected officials
Term
NJ Plan
Definition
State sovereignty with national government having limited powers
Term
Near v. Minnesota
Definition
the 1st amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint
Term
New Federalism
Definition
a political philosophy of devolution, that is, the transfer of certain powers from the federal government back to the states
Term
Plea Bargaining
Definition
a bargain between the prosecution and defense for a defendant to plead guilty to a lesser crime
Term
Pluralism
Definition
A condition or system in which two or more states, etc., coexist.
Term
Policy Gridlock
Definition
where each interest uses its influence to thwart policies it opposes so that no coalition forms a majority to establish policy
Term
Political Culture
Definition
Political culture is the traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics
Term
Politics
Definition
Who gets what, when, and how
Term
Public Policy
Definition
Term
Representative Democracy
Definition
a form of democracy in which the people elect officials to make decisions that pertain to their interests
Term
Republic
Definition
a form of government in which sovereign power resides in the people mainly through their elected officials
Term
Roe v. Wade
Definition
Abortion....
Term
Roth v. United States
Definition
obscene speech/photos/etc. are limited to appropriate audiences
Term
Rule of law
Definition
supremacy of the law that restricts the discretionary power of public officials
Term
Schneck v. United States
Definition
speech is limited if it presents a clear and present danger (you can't yell FIRE..)
Term
Smith v. Allwright
Definition
more about races and voting
Term
Social Contract Theory
Definition
An agreement among the members of an organized society or between the governed and the government defining and limiting the rights and duties of each
Term
State of Nature
Definition
coined by Locke; in favor of a government that realizes we are naturally born free
Term
Supremacy Clause
Definition
states may not interfere with the functioning of the federal government and that federal law prevails over an inconsistent state law.
Term
Traditional Democratic Theory
Definition
equality of voting
effective participation
enlightened understanding
citizen control of the agenda
inclusion
Term
Unitary System
Definition
1 legislative body
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
popular sovereignty with national government having broad powers; strong government
Term
Weaknesses of the Articles of the Federation Include
Definition
no executive or judicial branch, no power to tax, no regulation over commerce, had no way to change/amend the document
Term
expose facto law
Definition
if you commit a crime before it was a crime, you cannot be convicted
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