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| The system for implementing decisions made through the political process |
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| groups of like minded people who try to influence the government. American government is set up to avoid domination by any of these groups |
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| the division of government power across the judicial, executive, and legislative branches |
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| A system in which each branch of government has some power over the others |
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| The division of power across the local, state, and national levels of government |
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services or actions that once provided to one person, become available to everyone.
EX: Protecting the environment |
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| Collective action problem |
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| A situation in which the members of a group would benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work |
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| benefits created by a public good that are shared by the primary consumer of the good and by society more generally |
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| the incentive to benefit from others work without making a contribution, which leads individuals in a collective action situation to refuse to work together |
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| 2 reasons government is needed: |
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1. avoid anarchy of the state of nature
2. avoid oppression by whoever controls the policy making process |
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| the process that determines what government does |
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1. Conflictual
2. process matters
3. everywhere |
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economic interests
cultural values
identity politics
ideology |
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| an economic system based on competition among businesses without government interference |
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| the autonomy of indivuduals to manage their own financial decisions |
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| redistributive tax policies |
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| policies, generally favored by democratic politicians, that use taxation to attempt to create greater social equality (higher taxes for rich) |
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| Political conflict in the United States between "red state" Americans who tend to have strong religious beliefs and "blue state" Americans who tend to be secular |
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| the idea that as different racial and ethnic groups come to American, they should assimilate into American culture, leaving their native languages, customs, and traditions behind |
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| a cohesive set of ideas and beliegs used to organize and evaluate the political world |
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| one side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for lower taxes, a free market, and a more limited government; associated with republicans |
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| one side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for stronger government programs and more market regulations, associated with democrats |
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| those who prefer very limited government and there froe tend to be conservative on issues such as welfare policy, environmental polict, and public support for education, but liberal on issues such as free speech, abortion, and legalization of drugs |
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| Why do we need government? (4) |
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1. establish justice
2. promote the general welfare
3. secure liberty
4. provide public goods and overcome collective action problems |
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| making government policy typically involves issues on which people disagree about what should be done. normal and healthy part of politics |
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| governmental actions are the result of conscious choices made by elected officals and bureaucrats |
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| politics is a fundamental part of everyones lives and the way people think and act politically are driven by the same types of calcluations and decision making rules that govern beliefs and actions in other areas of their lives |
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| TYRANNY WITHIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENT IS MOST PREVENTED BY |
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| A SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES |
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| IT IS OFTEN NECESSARY THAT PUBLIC GOODS BE PROVIDED BY THE GOVERNMENT BECAUSE |
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| PUBLIC GOODS ARE OFTEN UNDER PRODUCED IN A FREE MARKET |
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| CLASS DIVISION IN THE US IS MOSTLY BECAUSE OF REDISTRIBUTIVE TAX PRACTICES |
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| SOME DIFFERENCES IN POLITICS ARE INTRACTABLE BECAUSE OF PEOPLES ATTITUDES TOWARD POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT |
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| THE FOUNDERS INCORPORATED SEPARATION OF POWERS, CHECKS AND BALANCES ,AND FEDERALISM IN ORDER TO |
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| COUNTERACT FACTION GROUPS AND THEIR POWERS |
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| CONFLICTS BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR AMERICANS |
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| MAJOR SOURCE OF CONFLICT IN POLITICS |
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| IDEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES, CULTURAL VALUES, ECONOMIC INTERESTS |
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| POLITICAL PROCESS MATTERS AND SHOWS THROUGH: |
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| POLICY IS ENACTED WITH THE INTERESTS OF PUBLIC AT MIND, VOTERS CAN VOTE AT AGE OF 18, AND PARTY IN POWER HAS EXTENSIVE CONTROL OVER POLICIES ENACTED |
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| SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES HAVE FORMED BECAUSE .. |
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| AMERICANS COMMITTMENT TO FREE MARKET AND ECONOMIC INDIVIDUALISM |
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| collective action problem prevents positive externalities from being shared by the greatest number of peopl |
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