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| The supreme court ruled that the bill of rights applied only to the national government |
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| Gitlow v. New York (1925) |
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| Stated that the first amendment applied to the states by virtue of the 14th amendment. Supreme court begins the process of selective incorporation. |
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| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) |
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| Birth Control - Right of privacy 1st declared |
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| Abortion is a personal right and shall be state regulated |
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| Invalidated Texas' "homosexual conduct laws" |
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Expands definition of citizenship, if born in US then you are a citizen. Requires states to provide due process of law and equal protection of law to said citizens.
Also extends most of the bill of rights to be applied to the states through the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause |
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| Prohibits denial of the right to vote on account of "race, color, or previous servitude" |
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| The Civil Rights Cases (1883) |
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| The national government is powerless to deal with private discrimiation. It can only deal with public discriminiation from the states only. |
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| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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| Upheld "Jim Crow Laws" and created the "Seperate but Equal" doctrine |
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| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
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| Overturns "Seperate but Equal" |
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| Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. United States (1964) |
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| The previous outlawing of racial discrimination was an appropriate exercise of congress's power to regulate commerce |
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| South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966) |
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| The Voting Rights Act was appropriate excercise of congress's authority to enforce the 15th Amendment |
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| Ongoing case. Whether or not DOMA is constitutional |
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| Ongoing case. Challenging California's rule that marriage between opposite-sex couples was unconstitutional |
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| Vice President Joe Biden (R) |
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