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| Reynold's v. United States |
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| Case that held that religious duty was not a suitable defense to a criminal indictment. (1878) |
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| Decision holding that incorporated (enforced) the First Amendment's protection of religious free exercise against individual states (as opposed to federal actions. (1940) |
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| held that the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment required that government demonstrate a compelling government interest before denying unemployment compensation to someone who was fired because her job conflicted with her religion. (1963) |
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| Case concerning the scope of Congress's enforcement power under the fifth section of the Fourteenth Amendment. This is the one where the archbishop wanted to make his church bigger but the city said it was a historic site. (1997) |
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| Upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 and concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. The guy was distributing leaflets against the draft. (1919) |
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| Invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag in force in 48 of the 50 states. Flag Burning. 1989 |
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| On April 26, 1968, Paul Robert Cohen, 19, was arrested for wearing a jacket bearing the words "Fuck the Draft" inside the Los Angeles Courthouse. |
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| Evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts. (1961) |
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| State courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants who are unable to afford their own attorneys. (1963) |
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| Miranda Rights, Attorney, self incrimination, etc. |
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| The Constitution protected a right to privacy. The case involved a Connecticut law that prohibited the use of contraceptives. |
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| Webster v. Reproductive Health |
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| Upholding a Missouri law that imposed restrictions on the use of state funds, facilities and employees in performing, assisting with, or counseling on abortions. |
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| Planned Parenthood v. Casey |
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| Upheld the constitutional right to have an abortion but lowered the standard for analyzing restrictions of that right, invalidating one regulation but upholding the others. |
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| Struck down the sodomy law in Texas. ([2003) |
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| United States v. Miller involved a criminal prosecution under the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA). The law about registering fully automatic guns. |
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| District of Colombia v. Heller |
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| Protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use in federal enclaves. (2008) |
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| This is the Chicago Gun ban case right now. |
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| An 1876 voting rights case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld such practices as the poll tax, the literacy test, and the grandfather clause. (1876) |
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| Established separate but equal. |
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| Case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. A black man couldn't go to Texas Law School. |
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| Brown v. Topeka Board of Education |
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| Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students, denying black children equal educational opportunities unconstitutional. (1954) |
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| First case in which a majority of the United States Supreme Court determined that statutory or administrative sex classifications had to be subjected to an intermediate standard of judicial review. This is the case where women could by beer at 18 but men at 21. (1976) |
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| United States v. Virginia |
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| Case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the Virginia Military Institute's long-standing male-only admission policy in a 7-1 decision. (1996) |
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