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| a set of institutions that rule a land and its people |
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1) means of coercion: somebody, somewhere will have an authority/capacity to make you do something.
2) means of collective revenue: to have the capacity to extract resources from the people (war rationing) |
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| the monopoly of the legitimate use of force in a territory |
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1) maintains order
2) protects property
3) provides public goods |
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--struggles over the leadership/decisions/actions of government
--leads to debates to influence legislature, political control
--"who gets what/when/how" |
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the capacity of "A" to get "B" to act in accordance to "A"s intentions
--dictatorship, violence, even celebrity endorsement
--being able to exert influence over a party or parties |
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1) one (monarchy)
2) few (oligarchy)
3) many (democracy) |
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demo = people
cracy = rule |
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| how did democracy come about? |
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| ancient greece (athens) in 5th century BCE. ancient greeks were elected by lottery, and people gathered together to discuss issues in an ASSEMBLY - those who could attend were usually property owners |
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1) direct - (pure democracy) - public decision is decided on by all citizens in a political assembly
2) indirect - representation. people could have some input, but a higher authority would mediate |
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| key points of the declaration of independence |
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1) life liberty pursuit of happiness
2) government protects rights
3) people have the right to overthrow if gov't is unfit |
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| who influenced jefferson? |
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| problems with articles of confederation |
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1) no central financial institution
2) no centralized army or head of state - foreign affairs
3) commerce between states unregulated |
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| angry farmers rebelled because the gov't wanted to take their land and money to pay for governmental debt - this prevented courts from working so decisions were not made |
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1) george washington - leader of the revolutionary army
2) james madison - virginia plan - strong central gov't
3) ben franklin -
4) alexander hamilton - strong central govt |
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| said that the framers were only looking out for their own benefit |
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| resulted in bicameral legislature: 1 chamber according to population, 1 chamber w/ equal reps |
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| first 3 articles of constitution |
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1) congressional legislative power (house and senate)
2) executive branch (presidential powers/duties)
3) judicial branch (supreme court) |
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| article VI - laws and treaties of the US are supreme law and overrule state powers |
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| article I section 8 (necessary and proper clause) - authority to make whatever laws they deem necessary |
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*1 - freedom of religion, speech, ress, assembly
*2 - bear arms
3 - quartering of troops
*4 - search and seizure
5 - due process
*6 - speedy and public trial
7 - trial by jury in civil suits
8 - cruel and unusual punishment
9 - rights not listed go to people
*10 - powers not given to constitution are for states |
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| distribution of government legislative, executive and judicial powers to separate branches of govt |
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| the constitutional principle that govt power shall be divided and that the fragments should balance or check one another to prevent tyranny |
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| the belief that in a govt in which some powers are left to the states osme are shared by states and central govt and some powers are granted to the central government alone |
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| 18th century republicanism |
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| framers feared corruption and total domination so they made sure to balance all governmental duties |
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| essays that were published under the pen name "publius" (hamilton, madison, jay) - gave exact reasons as to why citizens cannot be in total control, and why it is necessary in a larger more broad country to have a republic ruling body |
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| has to do with national bank - first case to recognize that national govt will overpower the states. maryland said natl bank was unconstitutional and states should be able to tax as much as they want |
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