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| system under which U.S. citizens are subject to the jurisdiction of both national and state courts |
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| a former case that was supported by a majority on an appellate court and provides guidance for the determination of a present case |
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| the power os the US supreme Court to review the acts of other political institutions and declare them unconstitutional |
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| lawsuit in which one or more persons sue on behalf of a larger set of people claiming the same injury |
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| the power of a court to hear and decide cases |
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| the doctrine that excludes certain cases from judicial consideration because of the party bringing the lawsuit or the nature of the subject matter |
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| the power of a court to hear and decide a case first |
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| the power of a court to receive cases from trial courts for the purpose of reviewing whether the legal procedures were properly followed |
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| proof that a party has suffered harm or been threatened with harm by the circumstances surrounding a lawsuit |
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| issues determined by the Supreme Court to be better resolved by Congress of the president |
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| marked by a tendency to file lawsuits |
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| orderer issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case |
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| Requirements that a minimum of four justices must vote to review a lower court case by issuing a writ of certiorari |
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| the indication of which litigant the court supports and by how large a margin |
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| the written arguments explaining the reasons behind a decision |
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| an opinion written by a justice who represents a majority of the court |
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| an opinion written by one or more of the justices who agree with the decision but for different reasons than those stated in the majority opinion |
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| an opinion that is written on behalf of the largest bloc of the justices, representing less than a majority, who agree on the reasons supporting the court's decision |
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| an opinion written by one or more justices who disagree with a decision |
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| an unsigned opinion of the Supreme Court that usually signals a high degree of consensus |
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| the belief that the Supreme Court should make policy and vigorously review the policies of other branches |
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| the belief that the Supreme Court should not become involved in questioning the operations and policies of the elected branches unless absolutely necessary |
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| in the selection of lower federal court judges, deference shown to home-state senators who are of the same party as the president |
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