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| The effect a winning candidate at the top of the ticket has in bringing success to those lower on the ballot |
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| voters gatherings used to select party candidates to run in the general election |
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| elected officials and party leaders chosen as delegates to the national party conventions with the ability to cast their votes for any candidate regardless of primary election results |
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| Democratic party leaders and elected officials attending the party convention who may pledge support to a candidate before the convention |
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| quadrennial meeting of delegates from all states and territories for the purpose of formally choosing their party's nominee for president |
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| Member of the electoral college |
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| practice of awarding all of the state's electoral votes to the candidate who wins a plurality of the popular vote in presidential contests |
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| competitive state where neither party holds an overwhelming edge |
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| powers granted to the president by the constitution |
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| powers ceded by congress to the president |
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| powers the president assumes, giving him greater authority and flexibility in performing the duties of office |
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| Presidential appointees to the major administrative units of the executive branch |
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| political appointment made by the president when Congress is out of session |
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| Presidential refusal to expend funds appropriated by Congress |
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| cutback of funds for particular programs that requires congressional approval |
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| executive power to reject a portion of a bill, usually a budget appropriation |
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| a decree with the force of law but not requiring legislative approval |
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| sense of patriotism engendered by dramatic national events such as the September 11 terrorist attacks |
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| Wide-ranging powers a president may exercise during times of crisis, or those powers permitted the president by congress for a limited time |
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| the practice of secretly abducting terror suspects and transporting them to detention camps in undisclosed locations |
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| presidential power to offer official privileges to foreign governments |
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| formal statement that outlines the goals and purposes of American foreign policy and the actions to take to advance these goals |
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| Foreign policy position advanced by George W. Bush asserting the U.S. government's right to authorize preemptive attacks against potential aggressors |
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| A pact that is made between the president and a foreign leader of a government that does not require Senate approval |
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| the period following an election when the public and Congress give the newly elected president the greatest latitude in decision making |
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| term applied to leaders from the Departments of State, Defense, Treasury, and Justice with whom the president meets more frequently than other cabinet officials |
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| Executive Office of the President |
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| Close presidential advisors that include the White House staff, the national security adviser, the chief of staff, and members of various policy councils |
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| The official in charge of coordinating communication between the president and other staffers |
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| Theory stressing the importance of giving the president greater authority in foreign policy and in enforcing discipline over members of the executive bureaucracy |
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| Presidential power to shield from scrutiny White House documents and conversations among presidential advisers |
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| assertion of presidential right to withhold information from the public and from other branches of government for reasons of national security |
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| the civilian employees of the national government who are responsible for implementing federal laws |
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| the expansion of the patronage system to a level of corruption that placed political cronies into all levels of government |
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| the system that classifies federal civil service jobs into grades to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive exams |
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| a complex system of organization and control that incorporates the principles of hierarchical authority, division of labor, and formalized rules |
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| the merit-based employment system the covers most white-collar and specialists positions in the federal government |
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| the administrative process that creates rules that have the characteristics of a law |
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| a publication of the federal government used to announce public notice of the time, place, and the nature of the proceedings to be followed when new agency rules are proposed |
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| the fifteen major administrative organizations within the federal bureaucracy that are responsible for major governmental functions such as defense, commerce, and homeland security |
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| an administrative organization that is directly accountable to the president |
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| independent executive agency |
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| a governmental unit with special responsibilities that is not part of any cabinet department |
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| independent regulatory agency |
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| an agency existing outside the major departments that regulates a specific economic activity or interest |
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| the practice whereby individuals in the bureaucracy brings public attention to gross inefficiency or corruption in the government |
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