Term
| What is the name for the body of law that deals with disputes not involving criminal penalties? (p378) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The doctrine that previous court decisions should apply as precedents in similar cases is known as (p378) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do most trials in America take place (p378) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term writ of habeas corpus refers to (p380) |
|
Definition
| a court order that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for his or her detention |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not included in the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? (p381)
a) cases between the United States and one of the 50 states
b) cases brought by one state against citizens of another state or against a foreign country
c) cases involving challenges to the constitutionality of state laws
d) cases between two or more states
e) cases involving foreign ambassadors or other ministers |
|
Definition
| c) cases involving challenges to the constitutionality of state laws |
|
|
Term
| the size of the Supreme Court is determined by? (p384) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The supreme courts decision in Marbury v. Madison was important because (p386) |
|
Definition
| it established the power of judicial review |
|
|
Term
which of the following is not included s a "special and compelling" reason to hear a case under Rule 10 of the Rules of Supreme Court of the United States (p391)
a) the president of the United States authors an amicus curiae brief on the issue in question
b) a circuit court decision on the issue in question conflicts with previous Supreme Court decisions
c) there are conflicting decisions by two or more state courts of last resort on the issue in question
d) there are conflicting decisions between circuit courts and state courts of last resort on the issue in question.
e) there are conflicting decisions by two or more circuit courts on the issue in question |
|
Definition
| a) the president of the United States authors an amicus curiae brief on the issue in question |
|
|
Term
Which of the following play an important role in shaping the flow of cases heard by the Supreme Court (p393)
a) the attorney general, the Secretary of State and the American bar association
b) the solicitor general, federal law clerks, and interest groups
c) the president, congress, and the Department of Justice
d) state legislatures
e) the federal district and circuit courts |
|
Definition
| b) the solicitor general, federal law clerks, and interest groups |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a brief submitted to the Supreme Court by someone other than one of the parties in the case> (p393)
a) amicus curiae
b) habeas corpus
c) writ of certiorari
d) ex post brief
e) de jure brief |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a dissenting opinion is written by (p396) |
|
Definition
| a Supreme Court justice who disagrees with the majority decision. |
|
|
Term
| if a justice refuses to go beyond the clear words of the constitution in interpreting the documents meaning, he or she would be considered an advocate for which judicial philosophy? (p396) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| literally "friend of the court"; individuals or groups who are not parties to a lawsuit but who seek to assist the Supreme Court in reaching a decision by presenting additional briefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| written documents in which attorneys explain, using case precedents, why the court should find in favor of their client |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| justice on the Supreme Court who presides over the courts public sessions and who's official title is Chief Justice of the United States |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the branch of law that deals with disputes that do not involve criminal penalties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a court that hears the appeals of trial court decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the branch of law that regulates the conduct of individuals, defines crimes, and specifies punishment for acts defined as illegal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the one against whom a complaint is brought in a criminal or civil case |
|
|
Term
| dissenting opinion (p396) |
|
Definition
| a decision written by a justice in the minority in a particular case in which the justice wishes to express his or her reasoning for the case(disagreeing with majority) |
|
|
Term
| due process of law (p380) |
|
Definition
| the right of every citizen against arbitrary action by national or state governments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| judicial philosophy that posits that the court should go beyond the words of the constitution or a statue to consider the broader societal implications of its decisions |
|
|
Term
| judicial restraint (p398) |
|
Definition
| judicial philosophy whose adherents refuse to go beyond the clear words of the constitution in interpreting the documents meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the power of the courts to review and, if necessary, declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional; the Supreme Court asserted this power in Marbury v. Madison |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sphere of a courts power and authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a criterion used by courts to screen cases that no longer require resolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the written explanation of the supreme courts decision in a particular case |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stage in Supreme Court procedure in which attorneys for both sides appear before the court to present their positions and answer questions posed by justices |
|
|
Term
| original jurisdiction (p381) |
|
Definition
| the authority to initially consider a case; distinguished from appellate jurisdiction, which is the authority to hear appeals from a lower courts decision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the individual or organization that brings a complaint in court |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a negotiated agreement in a criminal case in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty in return for the states agreement to reduce the severity of the criminal charge the defendant is facing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prior case whose principles are used by judges as the basis for their decisions in present cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the top government lawyer in all cases before the Supreme Court in which the government is a party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the right of an individual or organization to initiate a court case, on the basis of having substantial stake in the outcome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| literally "let the decision stand"; the doctrine that a previous decision by a court applies as a precedent in similar cases until that decision is overruled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highest court in a particular state or in the United States; this court primarily serves an appellate function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first court to hear a criminal or civil case |
|
|
Term
| writ of certiorari (p391) |
|
Definition
| a decision of at least four of the nine supreme court justices to review a decision of a lower court; certiorari is latin, meaning "to make more certain" |
|
|
Term
| writ of habeas corpus (p380) |
|
Definition
| a court order that the individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention; habeas corpus is guaranteed by the constitution and can be suspended only in cases of rebellion or invasion. |
|
|
Term
| Monetary policy seeks to influence the economy through (p413) |
|
Definition
| the availability of credit and money |
|
|
Term
| The most powerful institution in determining americas monetary policy is (p413) |
|
Definition
| the federal reserve board |
|
|
Term
| Government attempts to manipulate the economy by using its taxing and spending powers are called (p414) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A policy whose objective is to tax or spend in such a way as to reduce the disparities of wealth between the highest and lowest income brackets is called (p414) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The United States welfare state was constructed initially in response to (p416) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of a contributory program (p418)
a) medicaid
b) medicare
c) temporary assistance for needy families
d) supplemental nutrition assistance program
e) aid to families with dependent children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| means testing requires that applicants for welfare benefits show (p419) |
|
Definition
| the financial need for assistance |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are examples of in-kind benefits (p419)
a) Medicaid and the supplemental nutrition assistance program
b) social security and the troubled assets relief program
c) medicare and unemployment compensation
d) the GI bill of rights and the equal rights amendment |
|
Definition
| a) medicaid and the supplemental nutrition assistance program |
|
|
Term
| What event prompted the federal government to enter the field of elementary education |
|
Definition
| the soviet unions launching of sputnik |
|
|
Term
Which of the following was not part of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (p424)
a) a provision allowing parents whose child is attending a failing school to transfer the child to a better school
b) a requirement that states failing to meet national standards improve student performance by providing supplemental tutoring, longer school days, and additional summer school
c) a requirement that schools show positive results for all subcategories of students and not just positive overall averages
d) a requirement that a national test be used to evaluate every student around the country
e) a requirement that every child in grades 3 through 8 be tested yearly for proficiency in math and reading |
|
Definition
| d) a requirement that a national test be used to evaluate every student around the country |
|
|
Term
| Who are the chief beneficiaries of the "shadow welfare state" (p434) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which three government programs provide assistance to the working poor (p434) |
|
Definition
| the affordable care act, the earned income tax credit, and the supplemental nutrition assistance program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the power of government to set conditions on companies seeking to sell goods or services to governmental agencies |
|
|
Term
| contributory programs (p418) |
|
Definition
| social programs financed in whole or in part by taxation or other mandatory contributions by their present or future recipients |
|
|
Term
| cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) |
|
Definition
| changes made to the level of benefits of a government program based on the rate of inflation |
|
|
Term
| federal reserve system (p413) |
|
Definition
| a system of 12 federal reserve banks that facilitates exchanges of cash, checks, and credit; regulates member banks; and uses monetary policies to fight inflation and deflation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the governments use of taxing, monetary, and spending powers to manipulate the economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periodic process of adjusting of social benefits or wages to account for increases in the cost of living |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non cash goods and services provided to needy individuals and families by the federal government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure by which potential beneficiaries of a public assistance program establish their eligibility demonstrating a genuine need for the assistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a federally and state financed, state-operated program providing medical services to low income people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of national health insurance for the elderly and the disabled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| efforts to regulate the economy through the manipulation of the supply of money and credit; Americas mot powerful institution in this are of monetary policy is the Federal Reserve Board |
|
|
Term
| noncontributory programs (p419) |
|
Definition
| social programs that provide assistance to people based on demonstrated need rather than any contribution they have made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a law, a rule, a statute, or an edict that expresses the governments goals and provides for rewards and punishments to promote those goals attainment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collecting revenue in such a way as to reduce the disparities of wealth between the lowest and the highest income brackets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a contributory welfare program into which working Americans contribute a percentage of their wages and from which they relieve cash benefits after retirement or if they become disabled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government grants of cash or other valuable commodities, such as land, to individuals or an organization; used to promote activities desired by the government, to reward political support, or to buy off potential opposition |
|
|
Term
| Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (p419) |
|
Definition
| the largest antipoverty program, which provides recipients with a debit card for food at most grocery stores; formerly known as food stamps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government subsidies provided to employers and employees through tax deductions for amounts spent on health insurance and other benefits |
|
|
Term
Which of the following terms best describes the American posture toward the world prior to the twentieth century? (p447)
a) interventionist
b) isolationist
c) appeasement
d) humanitarian
e) internationalist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following terms describes an effort to forestall war by giving in to the demands of a hostile power? (p448)
a) appeasement
b) deterrence
c) detente
d) containment
e) minuteman theory of defense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The World Trade Organization is? (p451) |
|
Definition
| an international organization promoting free trade that grew out of the general agreement on tariffs and trade |
|
|
Term
| The Bush Doctrine refers to (p454) |
|
Definition
| the idea that the United States should take preemptive action against threats to its national security |
|
|
Term
| An agreement made between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but doesn't not require the senates advice and consent is called (p454) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Constitution assigns the power to declare war to (p456) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about the United Nations is Not true? (p459)
a) it has a powerful army to implement its decisions
b) it gives every country one vote in the general assembly
c) the five permanent members of the UN Security Council are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the US
d) It was designed to be a channel for negotiation and a means of settling international disputes peaceably.
e) important issues require a two-thirds majority vote |
|
Definition
| a) it has a powerful army to implement its decisions |
|
|
Term
| founded during the 1940s in order to create a new international monetary structure for the postwar world? (p460) |
|
Definition
| the International Monetary Fund and the world bank |
|
|
Term
| cultural programs that send American actors, athletes, and musicians around the world in order to promote a positive view of the United States are examples of the use of (p463) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 2015 the United States entered into an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions called the (p468) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the effort to forestall war by giving in to the demands of a hostile power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foreign policy based on the idea that the US should take preemptive action against threats to its national security |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period of struggle between the US and the former Soviet Union lasting from the late 1940s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a policy designed to curtail the political and military expansion of a hostile power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the representation of a government to foreign governments |
|
|
Term
| executive agreement (p455) |
|
Definition
| an agreement, made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the senates advice and consent |
|
|
Term
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (p451) |
|
Definition
| international trade organization, in existence from 1947 to 1995, that set many of the rules governing international trade |
|
|
Term
| International Monetary Fund (IMF) (p460) |
|
Definition
| an institution established in 1944 that provides loans and facilities international monetary exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoidance of involvement in the affairs of other nations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| political entities consisting of people with some common cultural experience (nation) who also share a common political authority (state), recognized by other sovereignties (nation-sates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups other than nation-states that attempt to play a role in the international system; terrorist groups that are one the of none-state actor |
|
|
Term
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (p461) |
|
Definition
| an organization, comprising the United States, Canada, an most of Western Europe, formed in 1949 to counter the perceived threat from the Soviet Union |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| policy of striking first when a nation fears that a foreign foe is contemplating hostile action |
|
|
Term
| United Nations (UN) (p459) |
|
Definition
| an organization of nations founded in 1945 to be a channel for negotiation and a means of settling international disputes peaceably; the UN has had frequent successes in providing a forum for negotiation and on some occasions a means of preventing international conflicts from spreading; on a number of occasions, the UN has supported U.S. foreign policy goals |
|
|
Term
| World Trade Organizations (WTO) (p451) |
|
Definition
| international organization promoting free trade that grew out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
|
|
Term
| Who was first chief justice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What act created the supreme court |
|
Definition
| The Judiciary Act of 1789 signed by George Washington |
|
|
Term
| How many justices are there today in 2019 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since when has number of justices been consistent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most cases do not go to trial. How are they usually settled? |
|
Definition
| settled out of court in plea bargains |
|
|
Term
| Where are most cases in the country heard? Supreme or state courts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A party must have standing to sue by being a stakeholder in the outome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a criterion used to dismiss cases that no longer require a resolution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Government is always the plaintiff
Defendant cannot be forced to testify
standard: guilty beyond a reasonable doubt
penalties: fines, public service, imprisonment, death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who has the burden of proof in criminal law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who has the burden of proof in civil law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Plaintiff is the party that has been legally wronged,
defendant can be forced to testify, preponderance of evidence, penalties typically monetary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What court case established the power of the court |
|
Definition
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Current Associate Justices (8) |
|
Definition
Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen Breyer
Samuel Alito
Sonia Sotomayor
Elena Kagan
Neil Gorsuch
Brett Kavanauagh |
|
|
Term
| Who elected the most recent Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavananuagh to the Supreme Court? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The release of a person from legal custody by a written agreement that he shall appear at the time and place designated and submit himself to the jurisdiction of the court and observe the requirements set forth in the recognizance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arraignment of an accused consists of calling upon him by name, reading to him the charges in the arrest documents, demanding of him an entering of plea. This hearing may be combined with right to counsel hearing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Competing interest, where there is a Plaintiff and defendant. Plaintiff is the “interest” that has a standing to sue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A certificate or evidence of a debt with a sum fixed as a penalty, which contains a written agreement binding the parties to pay the debt, conditioned, however, that the payment of the penalty may be avoided by the performance of certain acts by one or more of the parties. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A type of arrest document issued by the court charging the offender with a violation of a court order or court process of contempt of court |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All parties that are affected the same. Must have a “serious interest” in case. Can lead to Punitive damages, if court finds in favor of plaintiff and can prove that defendant was negligent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| : Form of Plea deal. Final judgment is delayed/ deferred for later time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| New Trial by different tribunal (court and jury). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The party the suit is aimed at. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A motion to dismiss a case because the claim is legally insufficient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| No Contest, Mercy of the Court |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The party initiating the suit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Attorneys speaking to prospective jurors to indentify who cannot be fair and impartial. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prospective Jurors drawn by random selection. Jury Duty. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (Felony cases) 12 citizens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Previous decisions from prior cases that are used to understand how a law is applied |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Let the decision stand". The use of precedent in a current case, The court is hesitant to overturn precedent, Most cases are returned to the lower courts due to this ruling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What article establishes the Supreme Court? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The highest court in the United States. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have original jurisdiction in felony criminal cases, divorce cases, cases involving title to land, election contest cases, civil matters in which the amount of money or damages involved is $200 or more, and any matters in which jurisdiction is not placed in another trial court |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have original jurisdiction over all criminal cases involving Class A and Class B misdemeanors, which are the more serious minor offenses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the practice of the court of appeals, it means that the court of appeals has concluded that the lower court decision is correct and will stand as rendered by the lower court |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consists of management of money supply and interest rates to control inflation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions,(taxing, spending, and borrowing decisions made by congress and POTUS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what government entity deals with monetary policy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a theory that restricts government intervention in the economy. It holds that the economy is strongest when all the government does is protect individuals' rights |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| means two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spending more and taxing less during downturns, doing the opposite as the economy improves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| U.S. federal payroll tax is deducted from each paycheck. Your nine-digit number helps Social Security accurately record your covered wages or self- employment. As you work and pay FICA taxes, you earn credits for Social Security benefits. |
|
Definition
| FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) |
|
|
Term
| Designed to compensate for some of the problems individuals face because of industrialization, urbanization, and technological change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1) increase quality and affordability of health insurance
2) lower the uninsured rate
3) expand public and private insurance coverage
4) reduce healthcare for individuals
5) cover all applicants with same rates regardless of pre existing conditions or sex |
|
Definition
| Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act |
|
|
Term
| measure of federal poverty line determines whether individuals and families qualify for such benefits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Means-tested entitlements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a federal program that provides health coverage if you are 65+ or under 65 and have a disability, no matter your income |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a state and federal program that provides health coverage if you have a very low income. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| comparing a person's or family's income to a set poverty threshold or minimum amount of income needed to cover basic needs |
|
Definition
| how to calculate poverty line |
|
|
Term
| Created in 1935, is the retirement benefit funded by FICA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does the US spend on social welfare |
|
Definition
| $1.03 trillion ranked 21st |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who coined the term iron curtain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who coined the term cold war |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formal and informal communications with representatives of other governments and the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US foreign strategy timeline |
|
Definition
18th-19th century isolationism
following World War II containment
Bush preemptive
obama appeasement
notes: timeline is vague (understand concept) |
|
|
Term
| Is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949 |
|
Definition
| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). |
|
|
Term
| Organization of nations founded in 1945 to be a channel for negotiation and a means of settling International disputes peaceably |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the budget do we spend on defense? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| American financing of post war rebuilding of europe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provided overt and covert aid to anti communist and resistance movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Policy of containment (Cold War) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Policy of Isolation under president washington |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| policy of detente (negotiation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The exhausting of all political, economic, and diplomatic means which only if those means prove to be futile should a nation resort to military force |
|
Definition
| Powell doctrine under bush |
|
|
Term
| Changed direction to focus on human rights (Iran hostage crisis) (camp David accords) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describes an approach toward conducting foreign policy in which a country does not subordinate its aims or actions to the wishes of other countries or the constraints of international agreements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| routine production services face competition from around the globe that will keep their wages steady. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in-person services(those who provide their service directly to other people; for example, waiters, secretaries, and security guards) face labor force competition from new entrants to the workplace |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symbolic-analytic services. The need for this type of work is growing worldwide as are the rewards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consists of management of money supply and interest rates to control inflation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions,(taxing, spending, and borrowing decisions made by congress and POTUS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what government entity deals with monetary policy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a theory that restricts government intervention in the economy. It holds that the economy is strongest when all the government does is protect individuals' rights |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| means two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spending more and taxing less during downturns, doing the opposite as the economy iproves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| U.S. federal payroll tax is deducted from each paycheck. Your nine-digit number helps Social Security accurately record your covered wages or self- employment. As you work and pay FICA taxes, you earn credits for Social Security benefits. |
|
Definition
| FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) |
|
|
Term
| Designed to compensate for some of the problems individuals face because of industrialization, urbanization, and technological change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1) increase quality and affordability of health insurance
2) lower the uninsured rate
3) expand public and private insurance coverage
4) reduce healthcare for individuals
5) cover all applicants with same rates regardless of pre existing conditions or sex |
|
Definition
| Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act |
|
|
Term
| measure of federal poverty line determines whether individuals and families qualify for such benefits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Means-tested entitlements |
|
Definition
Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF)
SNAP
Medicaid
Programs typically aimed at helping children
SCHIP
Lunch Program |
|
|
