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Metaphors describe one thing as if it was something else.
Her eyes were saucers, wide w/ expectation. |
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Personification gives human-like qualities to something nonhuman
The clarinet sang. |
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Similes use like or as to compare two unlike things.
The class is as nosy as a hive of bees. |
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Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. |
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| Repitition is the repeated use of a sound, word or phrase |
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Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in stressed syllables that end in different consonant sounds.
Fade, hay |
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Consonance is the repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables w/ different vowel sounds.
end, hand |
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Onomatopoeia is the use of words that imitate sounds
Pow! Bang! Clash! |
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Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the end of words
thin skin, reason treason |
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| Rhythm is the pattern of strong and weak beats, as well as pauses, in a poem. Rhythm in music and in poetry are similar. |
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| Lines breaks up a poem into many individual parts.Each line may be punctuated differently, or not at all. A capital letter usually introduces the beginning of a line. |
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| Stanzas are the arrangement of groups of lines to create an appearance on the page or to organize thoughts. Each stanza is set off from the next stanza from the next stanza by a blank line below it. Certain forms of poetry have a set # of lines and a rhythmical pattern that each stanza must follow. Others [e.g., freeverse] have no restrictions. |
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| Meter is the rhythmic pattern or the arrangement and number of stressed and unstressed syllables. Strong and weak beats can be indicated, as follows whose WOODS there ARE i THINK i KNOW. |
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| Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme in a poem. It's written in letters, aabb is a stanza whose first two and last two lines rhyme. |
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| End rhyme is when the ends of lines rhyme.
He slashed He clashed |
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| Internal rhyme is when rhyme occurs in a single line. "In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud" -Samuel Coleridge |
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| A pair of rhyming lines that usually have the same meter/length. |
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| Lyric poetry expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker. The speaker and the writer are not always the same person. It includes may types of poems, such as sonnets, odes, and elegies. |
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A sonnet is a 14 line poems with a formal tone that follow a specific rhyme scheme. Sonnets' subjects often vary, but the purpose of a sonnet is to praise.
Rhyme: There are two types: Shakespearean:[ababcdcdefefgg] and Petrarchan [abbaabbacdecde]
Meter: The lines in sonnets have a regular meter with an unstressed beat followed by a stressed beat.
Line and Stanzas: Petrarchan have two stanzas: an 8-line stanza followeb by a 6-line stanza. Shakesperean have 4 stanzas: 3 4-lined stanzas and a couplet. |
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Odes are poems with a formal tone, written for the single purpose of celebrating or honoring a person, object or idea.
Rhyme + Rhythm: Varies; an ode have have end rhyme or regular rhythm
Lines + Stanzas: Number & length can vary. Odes are unusually long w/ varying line lengths. |
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| Elegies are formal poems that reflect on death or other solemn, serious themes. The structure of elegies varies considerably. |
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| Narrative poetry tells a story in verse. Narrative poems have elements like those in a short story, such as plot, setting, and charachers. The category of narrative poetry includes narrower classification , such as epics and ballads. |
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| Epics are long narrative poems that tell an amazing story, usually about a hero. As fits its subject, an epic has a serious , elevated tone and sometimes has a regular meter. |
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Ballads are song-like poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, tragedy, or romance. Line/Stanzas: Ballads a structed like songs with verses that move the action forward and repeated refrains that drive home the main message. |
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| Free verse poetry is defined by its lack of strict structure. It has no regular meter, no internal rhyme, no fixed line length, and no specific stanza pattern. |
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| Limericks are 5-lined poems that have a specific rhythmic pattern and an aabba rhyme scheme. |
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| In a concrete poem, the words are arranged on the page to form a shape that suggests the topic or ideas in the poem. Concrete poems often have a lighthearted or humorous toe. Their structure is loose, w/o regular meter, though them may rhyme. |
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Haikus [originated in Japan] are short, unrhymed poems, often about nature. Is tone is often thoughtful, but it can be playful as well.
Line/ rhythmic structure is shown in this haiku:
Five syllables, then
Seven, then five-frog jumps in
A puddle: haiku |
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