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Poetry Elements
poetry terms and their definitions
72
Literature
9th Grade
10/18/2009

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Term
narrative; epic
Definition
a story told in verse form; a long narrative poem
Term
lyric
Definition
a brief personal poem that is especially musical and filled with emotion; includes sonnets, odes, and elegies
Term
sonnet
Definition
a 14-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes (Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains followed by a couplet; the most common rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg)
Term
ballad
Definition
a type of poem that is meant to be sung and is both lyric and narrative in nature
Term
denotation
Definition
the literary dictionary definition of a word
Term
connotation
Definition
all the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
Term
simile
Definition
two dissimilar things are compared using words such as "like," "as," "than," or "resembles"
Term
metaphor
Definition
two dissimilar things are compared WITHOUT using words such as "like," "as," "than," or "resembles"
Term
direct metaphor
Definition
directly compares two things with a verb such as "is"
Term
implied metaphor
Definition
suggests a comparison WITHOUT using "is"
Term
extended metaphor
Definition
a metaphor that is developed over several lines or a whole poem
Term
dead metaphor
Definition
a metaphor that has become so overused that we no longer realize that it's a figure of speech -- we simply skip over the metaphorical connection it makes. cliche
Term
mixed metaphor
Definition
the inconsistent mixture of two or more metaphors; a common problem in bad writing, and often unintentionally funny
Term
synecdoche
Definition
the word for a part of something is used to mean the whole
Term
metonymy
Definition
substituting one closely related idea for another
Term
personification
Definition
giving human or animate qualities to nonhuman or inanimate things
Term
apostrophe
Definition
addressing something nonhuman as if it were human
Term
symbol
Definition
something concrete used to represent something abstract
Term
literary allusion
Definition
a reference to a person, place, or thing from previous literature, usually the Bible, Shakespeare, or mythology
Term
hyperbole
Definition
exaggeration for the sake of effect, for emphasis, not to be taken literally; overstatement
Term
Litote
Definition
a special form of understatement that affirms something by negating the opposite
Term
irony
Definition
saying the opposite of what is true
Term
antithesis
Definition
balancing or contrasting one thing against another for effect
Term
paradox; oxymoron
Definition
an apparent contradiction, which proves, upon closer examination, to be true; a two-word paradox
Term
alliteration
Definition
the repetition of the initial consonant sound in two or more words in a line of verse
Term
consonance
Definition
the repetition of consonant sounds that are NOT at the beginning of words in a line of verse
Term
assonance
Definition
the similarity or repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words with different consonant sounds
Term
onomatopoeia
Definition
the use of words that imitate the sounds they define
Term
repetition
Definition
repeating a word or phrase within a poem because it is pleasing to the ear, emphasizes an idea, and/or gives the poem structure
Term
parallelism
Definition
the repetition of the structure of 2 or more lines in a poem
Term
cataloguing
Definition
the listing of words, images, or attributes
Term
refrain
Definition
the repetition of one or more phrases or lines at definite intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza
Term
rhymed verse
Definition
consists of a verse with end rhyme and regular meter
Term
blank verse
Definition
consists of unrhymed iambic pentameter
Term
free verse
Definition
consists of lines of poetry that do not have a regular rhythm and do not rhyme regularly
Term
stanza
Definition
a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit; a division of a poem that is often referred to as a "paragraph of poetry"
Term
couplet
Definition
a 2 line stanza
Term
triplet
Definition
a 3-line stanza
Term
quatrain
Definition
a 4-line stanza
Term
quintet
Definition
a 5-line stanza
Term
sestet
Definition
a 6-line stanza
Term
a septet
Definition
a 7-line stanza
Term
octave/octet
Definition
an 8-line stanza
Term
rhyme
Definition
the similarity of sound at the ends of 2 or more words
Term
end rhyme
Definition
occurs between words found at the ends of two or more lines in a poem
Term
internal rhyme
Definition
between words within a single line of poetry
Term
perfect rhyme
Definition
exact rhyme; involves sounds that are exactly the same
Term
imperfect rhyme
Definition
approximate or slant or off rhyme; involves words that sound similar, but are not exactly the same
Term
eye rhyme
Definition
depends on spelling rather than sound; words that look like they should rhyme, but do not
Term
rhyme scheme
Definition
the pattern or sequence on which end rhyme occurs throughout a poem
Term
rhythm
Definition
the patterned of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
Term
meter
Definition
a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
Term
foot
Definition
a unit of meter, usually containing one stressed syllable and one or two unstressed syllables
Term
scansion
Definition
the process of marking lines of poetry to show the type of feet and the number of feet they contain
Term
iamb
Definition
a 2-syllable foot with the stress on the second syllable; the most common foot in the English language
Term
trochee
Definition
a 2-syllable foot with the stress on the first syllable
Term
spondee
Definition
2 stressed syllables used rarely for emphasis
Term
pyrrhic foot
Definition
2 unstressed syllables, rare and found in between other types of feet
Term
anapest
Definition
three syllables with the stress on the last syllable
Term
dactylic foot
Definition
three syllables with the stress on the first syllable
Term
monometer
Definition
1 foot per line
Term
dimeter
Definition
2 feet per line
Term
trimeter
Definition
3 feet per line
Term
tetrameter
Definition
4 feet per line
Term
pentameter
Definition
5 feet per line
Term
hexameter
Definition
6 feet per line
Term
heptameter
Definition
7 feet per line
Term
octameter
Definition
8 feet per line
Term
enjambment
Definition
the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a line onto the next line or stanza (no end puncuation)
Term
end-stopped lines
Definition
lines in which both the grammatical structure and the sense reach completion at the end
Term
caesura
Definition
a puase within a line of verse, usually in the middle
Term
caesura
Definition
a puase within a line of verse, usually in the middle
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