Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PMP 3rd Set
PMP Exam Certification 4th Edition
493
Business
Professional
11/16/2010

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Develop Project Charter (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Integration Mgmt -Initiating
Term
Develop Project Management Plan (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Integration Mgmt -Planning
Term
Monitor & Control Project Work (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Integration Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Perform Integrated Change Control (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Integration Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Define Scope (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Scope Mgmt –Planning
Term
Create Work Breakdown Structure (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Scope Mgmt –Planning
Term
Control Scope (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Scope Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Estimate Costs (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Cost Mgmt –Planning
Term
Control Costs (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Cost Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Plan Quality (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Quality Mgmt –Planning
Term
Direct and Manage Project Execution (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Integration Mgmt - Execution
Term
Acquire Project Team (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Human Resource Mgmt –Executing
Term
Close Project or Phase (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Integration Mgmt –Closing
Term
Identify Stakeholders (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Communications Mgmt –Initiating
Term
Verify Scope (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Scope Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Manage Stakeholder Expectations (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Communications Mgmt –Execution
Term
Determine Budget (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Cost Mgmt –Planning
Term
Monitor & Control Risks (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Risk Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Perform Quality Assurance (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Quality Mgmt –Executing
Term
Administer Procurements (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Procurement Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Perform Quality Control (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Quality Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Develop Human Resource Plan (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Human Resource Mgmt –Planning
Term
Develop Project Team (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Human Resource Mgmt –Executing
Term
Manage Project Team (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Human Resource Mgmt –Executing
Term
Plan Communications (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Communications Mgmt –Planning
Term
Distribute Information (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Communications Mgmt –Execution
Term
Report Performance (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Communications Mgmt –Monitoring & Controlling
Term
Plan Risk Management (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Risk Mgmt –Planning
Term
Plan Procurements (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Procurement Mgmt –Planning
Term
Conduct Procurements (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Procurement Mgmt –Execution
Term
Close Procurements (Knowledge Area/Process Group)
Definition
Project Procurement Mgmt –Closing
Term
Responsibility to the Profession 6 basic Responsibilities
Definition

1.Be truthful at all times and in all situations

2.Report Code violations (with factual basis)

3.Disclose conflicts of interest

4.Comply with laws

5.Respect other’s intellectual property rights

6.Support the code

Term
Responsibility to the Customers & Public 5 basic Responsibilities
Definition

1.Be truthful at all times and in all situations 2.Maintain professional integrity (satisfy the scope of your professional services)

3.Respect the confidentiality of sensitive information

4.Refrain from gift or compensation giving/receiving where inappropriate

5.Ensure conflicts of interest do not interfere with client’s interest or interfere with professional judgement

Term
8 guidelines to help establish a strong ethics foundation
Definition

1.Recognize that managing ethics is a process. Ethics mgmt is the process of reflection and dialog . that produces deliverables such as codes, policies and procedures.

2.The goal of an ethics management initiative is preferred behavior in the project environment.

3.The best way to manage ethical dilemmas, like negative project risks, is to avoid their occurrence in the first place

4.Make ethics decisions in teams, and make decisions public, as appropriate.

5.Integrate ethics management with other project practices. Define preferred ethical values directly in the project plan.

6.Use cross-functional teams to develop your ethics management plan. Benefit from varied input.

7.Value forgiveness Help project personnel recognize and address their mistakes and then support them to continue to try to operate ethically

8.Give yourself credit for trying Attempting to operate ethically and making a few mistakes is better than not trying at all. All projects are comprised of people and people are not perfect.

Term
Project Procurement Mangement Processes
Definition

Plan Purchases and Acquisitions

Plan Contracting

Request Seller Responses

Select Sellers

Contract Administration

Contract Closure

Term
Enterprise Environmental Factors
Definition
Enterprise Environmental Factors include the conditions of the marketplace and what products, services, and results are available in the marketplace, from whom and under what terms and conditions.
Term
Organizational Process Assets (for procurement management)
Definition
Organizational Process Assets provide the existing formal and informal procurement-related policies, procedures, guidelines, and management systems that are considered in developing the procurement management plan and selecting the contract types to be used.
Term
Procurements Management (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Work Breakdown Structure

WBS Dictionary

Project Management Plan

Term
How do project managers turn to values? 5 areas to approach
Definition

Risk Management: This is fairly straightforward. Incorporating values into your project can help eliminate risks associated with organizational and individual misconduct.

Organizational functioning: Planned-in values can build a well-functioning project organization by encouraging cooperation, inspiring commitment, nurturing innovation and energizing team members

Civic positioning: Values can establish the project organization's standing in the community as a progressive force for social betterment and as a solid contributing citizen.

Market positioning: Values can shape a project organization's identity and reputation. Values can help build the organization's brands and earn the trust of customers, suppliers and partners

Simply a better way: Although values do provide financial benefits, this should not be the justification for ethics. Values are worthwhile and fundamental principles of responsibility, humanity and citizenship. They need no justification.

Term
Procurements Management (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Make or Buy Analysis

Expert Judgement

Contract Types

Term
Contract Types
Definition

1.Fixed Price or Lump-Sum Contracts

2.Cost-reimbursable

Contracts Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF) or Cost-Plus-Percentage of Cost (CPPC)

Cost-Plus-Fixed Fee (CPFF)

Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)

3.Time and Material (T&M) contracts

Term
Fixed-price or lump-sum contracts
Definition
This category of contract involves a fixed total price for a well-defined product
Term
Cost-reimbursable contracts
Definition
This category of contract involves payment (reimbursement) to the seller for seller.s actual costs, plus a fee typically representing seller profit.
Term
Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF) or Cost-Plus-Percentage of Cost (CPPC)
Definition
Seller is reimbursed for allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a fee calculated as an agreed-upon percentage of the costs. The fee varies with the actual cost.
Term
Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
Definition
Seller is reimbursed for allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a fixed fee payment calculated as a percentage of the estimated project costs. The fixed fee does not vary with actual costs unless the project scope changes.
Term
Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)
Definition
Seller is reimbursed for allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a predetermined fee, an incentive bonus, based upon achieving certain performance objective levels set in the contract. In some CPIF contracts, if the final costs are less than the expected costs, then both the buyer and seller benefit from the cost savings based upon a pre-negotiated sharing formula
Term
Time and Material (T&M) contracts
Definition
T&M contracts are a hybrid type of contractual arrangement that contains aspects of both cost-reimbursable and fixed-price type arrangements. These types of contracts resemble cost reimbursable type arrangements in that they are open ended.
Term
Procurement Management (Inputs)
Definition

Procurement Management Plan

Contract Statement of Work

Make-or-Buy Decisions

Requested Changes

Term
Procurement Management Plan
Definition
The procurement management plan describes how the procurement processes will be managed from developing procurement documentation through contract closure.
Term
Procurement Management Plan Includes
Definition
Types of contracts used Managing multiple providers How procurement will be coordinated Standardized documents used Identifying pre-qualified selected sellers, if any Constraints and assumptions that could affect planned purchases and acquisitions Establishing the form and format to be used for the contract statement of work (SOW) Who will prepare independent est. & if they are needed as evaluation criteria. Procure. metrics to be used to manage cont. & evaluate sellers.
Term
Contract Statement of Work
Definition
The statement of work (SOW) for each contract is developed from the project scope statement, the project work breakdown structure (WBS), and WBS dictionary. The contract SOW describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the item.
Term
Make-or-Buy Decisions
Definition
The documented decisions of what project products, services, or results will be either be acquired or will be developed by the project team.
Term
Requested Changes
Definition
Requested changes to the project management plan and its subsidiary plans and other components may result from the Plan Purchases and Acquisition process.
Term
Plan Contracting (Inputs)
Definition
Procurement Management Plan Contract Statement of Work Make or Buy Decisions Work Breakdown Structure Project Management Plan
Term
Plan Contracting (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Standard

Forms

Expert Judgement

Term
Plan Contracting (Outputs)
Definition

Procurement Documents

Evaluation Criteria

Term
Request Seller Responses (Inputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets

Procurement Management Plan

Procurement Documents

Term
Request Seller Responses (Outputs)
Definition

Qualified Sellers List

Procurement Document

Package Proposals

Term
Select Sellers (Inputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets

Procurement Management Plan

Evaluation Criteria

Procurement Document

Package Proposals

Qualified Sellers List

Project Management Plan

Term
Select Sellers (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Weighting System

Independent Estimates

Screening System

Contract Negotiation

Seller Rating Systems

Expert Judgement

Proposal Evaluation Techniques

Term
Select Sellers (Outputs)
Definition

Selected Sellers Contract

Contract Management Plan

Resource Availability

Procurement Management Plan Updates

Requested Changes

Term
Contract Administration (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Contract  Change Control System

Buyer-Conducted Performance Review

Inspections & Audits

Performance Reporting

Payment System

Claims Administration

Records Management System

Term
Contract Administration (Outputs)
Definition

Contract Documentation

Requested Changes

Recommended Corrective Actions

Organizational Process Assets updates

Project Management Plan updates

Term
Contract Closure (Inputs)
Definition

Procurement Management Plan

Contract Management Plan

Contract Documentation

Contract Closure Procedure

Term
Contract Closure (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Procurement Audits

Records Management System

Term
Contract Closure (Outputs)
Definition

Closed Contracts

Organizational Process Assets updates

(Contract file, Deliverable acceptance, Lessons learned documentation)

Term
Buyer
Definition
The acquirer of products, services, or results for an organization.
Term
Contract
Definition
A contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product or service or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.
Term
Contract Administration
Definition
The process of managing the contract and the relationship between the buyer and seller, reviewing and documenting how a seller is performing or has performed to establish required corrective actions and provide a basis for future relationships with the seller, managing contract related changes and, when appropriate, managing the contractual relationship with the outside buyer of the project.
Term
Contract Closure
Definition
The process of completing and settling the contract, including resolution of any open items and closing each contract.
Term
Contract Management Plan
Definition
The document that describes how a specific contract will be administered and can include items such as required documentation delivery and performance requirements.
Term
Contract Statement of Work (SOW)
Definition
A portion of the work breakdown structure for the project developed and maintained by a seller contracting to provide a subproject or project component.
Term
Procurement Documents
Definition
Those documents utilized in bid and proposal activities, which include buyer.s Invitation for Bid, Invitation for Negotiations, Request for Information, Request for Quotation, Request for Proposal and seller.s responses.
Term
Procurement Management Plan
Definition
The document that describes how procurement processes from developing procurement documentation through contract closure will be managed.
Term
Request for Information (RFI)
Definition
A type of procurement document whereby the buyer requests a potential seller to provide various pieces of information related to a product or service or seller capability.
Term
Request for Proposal (RFP)
Definition
A type of procurement document used to request proposals from prospective sellers of products or services. In some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.
Term
Request for Quotation (RFQ)
Definition
A type of procurement document used to request price quotations from prospective sellers of common or standard products or services.
Term
Request Seller Responses
Definition
The process of obtaining information, quotations, bids, Glossary offers, or proposals, as appropriate.
Term
Standard
Definition
A document established by consensus and approved by a recognized body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.
Term
Communication Management
Definition
is a group of processes required to ensure timely and appropriate development, collection, dissemination, storage, and ultimately, disposition of project information.
Term
Communication Management 4 processes
Definition

Communications Planning

Information Distribution

Performance Reporting

Manage Stakeholders

Term
Communication Planning (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Project Management Plan

Term
Communication Planning (Tools & Techniques)
Definition
Communications Requirements Analysis Communications Technology
Term
Communications Requirements Analysis
Definition
The analysis of the communications requirements results in the sum of the information needs of the project stakeholders. The project manager should consider the number of potential communication channels or paths as an indicator of the complexity of a project's communications.
Term
Communications Channels
Definition
The total number of communication channels is n(n-1)/2, where n = number of stakeholders. Thus, a project with 10 stakeholders has 45 potential communication channels.
Term
Communications Technology
Definition

The methodologies used to transfer information among project stakeholders can vary significantly. Communications technology factors that can affect the project include:

•The urgency of the need for information

•The availability of technology

 •The expected project staffing

•The length of the project

•The project environment

Term
Communication Planning (Outputs)
Definition

Stakeholder communication requirements

Person or groups who will receive the information Methods or technologies used to convey the information, such as memoranda, e-mail, and/or press releases

Frequency of the communication, such as weekly Collection and filing structure

Distribution structure

Description of information to be distributed

Production schedules

Methods for accessing information between scheduled communications

Update Method

Term
Information Distribution (Input)
Definition
Communications Management Plan
Term
Information Distribution (Tools & Technology)
Definition

Communications Skills

Information Gathering & Retrieval Systems

Information distribution systems

 Lessons Learned Process

Term
Information Distribution  (Outputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets updates

Lessons learned documentation

Project records

Project reports

Project presentation

Feedback from stakeholders

Stakeholder notifications

Requested Changes

Term
Performance Reporting (Inputs)
Definition

Work Performance Information

Performance Measurements

 Forecasted Completion

Quality Control Meausres

Project Management Plan

Approved Change Requests

Deliverables

Term
Performance Reporting (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Information Presentation Tools

Performance Information Gathering & Compilation Status Review Meetings

Cost Reporting Systems

Term
Performance Reporting (Outputs)
Definition

Performance Report

Forecasts

Requested Changes

Recommended Corrective Actions

Organizational Process Assets updates

Term
Manage Stakeholders (Inputs)
Definition

Communications Management Plan

Organizational Process Assets

Term
Manage Stakeholders (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Communications Methods

Issue Logs

Term
Manage Stakeholders (Outputs)
Definition

Resolved Issues

Approved Change Requests

Approved Corrective Actions

Organizational Process Assets updates

Project Management Plan updates

Term
Administrative Closure
Definition
Generating, gathering, and disseminating information to formalize phase or project completion.
Term
Channels of communication
Definition

1.Upward communication (vertically or diagonally): For higher management

2.Downward communication (vertically or diagonally): For higher management

3.Lateral communication (horizontally): For peers

Term
Communications Planning
Definition
Determining the information and communications needs of the project stakeholders. This includes who needs it, when they will need it, and how it will be given to them.
Term
Communication Blockers
Definition

Noise

Distance

Improper encoding of messages

Saying "that is a bad idea"

Hostility

Language

Culture

Term
Communication Methods
Definition

Formal Verbal: Presentation, speeches.

Informal Verbal: Meetings, Conversations

Non-Verbal: Encoding a message without using words. Usually done through body language. Total Message Impact = Words (7%) + Vocal tones (38%) + Facial expressions (55%)

Formal Written: Project Plan, Project charter, Specifications

Informal Written: Memos, Email, Notes.

Term
Human resource Management Processes
Definition

Human Resource Planning

Acquire Project Team

Develop Project Team

Manage Project Team

Term
Human resource Planning (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Management Plan

Term
Human resource Planning (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Organization Charts & Position Descriptions

Networking

Organizational theory

Term
Human resource Planning (Outputs)
Definition

Role & Responsibilities

Organization Chart

Staffing Management Plan

Term
Acquire Project Team (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Roles & Responsibilities

Project Organization Charts

Staffing Management Plan

Term
Acquire Project Team (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Pre-Assignment

Negotiations

Acquisition

Virtual Teams

Term
Acquire Project Team (Outputs)
Definition

Project Staff Assignments

Resource Availability

Staffing Management Plan Updates

Term
Develop Project Team (Inputs)
Definition
Project Staff Assignments Staffing Management Plan Resource Availability
Term
Develop Project Team (Tools & Techniques)
Definition
Team-building activities General Management Skills Training Team-Building Activities Ground Rules Co-Location Reward & Recognition systems
Term
Develop Project Team (Outputs)
Definition
Team Performance Assessment
Term
Manage Project Team (Inputs)
Definition
Organizational Process Assets Project Staff Assignments Roles & Responsibilities Project Organization charts Staffing Management Plan Team Performance Assessment Work Performance Information Performance Reports
Term
Manage Project Team (Tools & Techniques)
Definition
Observation & Conversation Project Performance Appraisals Conflict Management Issue Logs Staffing Management Plan Team Performance Assessment Work Performance Information Performance Reports
Term
Manage Project Team (Outputs)
Definition
Requested Changes Recommended Corrective Actions Recommended Preventive Actions Organizational Process Assets updates Project Management Plan Updates
Term
Concurrent Engineering
Definition
An approach to project staffing that, in its most general form, calls for implementers to be involved in the design phase. (Sometimes confused with fast tracking)
Term
Functional Manager
Definition
A manager responsible for activities in a specialized department or function. (e.g., engineering, manufacturing, marketing)
Term
Functional Organization
Definition
An organization structure in which staff are grouped hierarchically by specialty
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
Halo Effectis the assumption that because the person is good at a technology, he will be good as a project manager.
Term
Line Manager
Definition
The manager of any group that actually makes a product or performs a service. ie. A functional manager.
Term
Leadership Styles
Definition
Directing: Telling others what to do Facilitating: Coordinating the input of others Coaching: Instructing others Supporting: Providing assistance along the way Autocratic: Making decisions without input Consultative: Inviting ideas from others Consensus: Problem solving in a group with decision-making based on group agreement
Term
Organizational Breakdown Structure
Definition
A depiction of the project organization arranged so (OBS) as to relate work packages to organizational units.
Term
Matrix Organization
Definition
Any organizational structure in which the project manager shares responsibility with the functional managers for assigning priorities and for directing the work of individuals assigned to the project.
Term
Project Management Team
Definition
The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities. On some smaller projects, the project management team may include virtually all of the project team members.
Term
Quality Assurance (Outputs)
Definition
Requested Changes Recommended Corrective Actions Organizational Process Assets updates Project Management Plan updates
Term
Problem Solving Techniques
Definition
Problem solving or confrontation Compromising Withdrawal or Avoidance Smoothing (Emphasize the agreements) Forcing (Do it my way). This is an example of win-lose situation.
Term
Project Manager
Definition
The individual responsible for managing a project.
Term
Project Manager's Power
Definition
Referent - project team knows the PM Formal Power - Power due to Project Managers position Technical Power - Project Manager has strong technical skills in the projects domain. Coercive Power - The project team is afraid of the power the Project Manager holds.
Term
Project Team Members
Definition
The people who report either directly or indirectly to the project manager.
Term
Organizational Theories
Definition
There are many organizational theories. Some of the main ones are - Expectancy Theory, McGregory Theory, Herzberg Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.
Term
Projectized Organization
Definition
Any organizational structure in which the project manager has full authority to assign priorities and to direct the work of individuals assigned to the project.
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
People accept to be rewarded for their efforts. This is a motivation factor. People put in more efforts because they accept to be rewarded for their efforts.
Term
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
Definition
defines who does what. The Staffing Management Plan defines when will people get added and removed from the project.
Term
McGregory Theory of X and Y
Definition
There are two type of employees. Employees of type X need to be always watched. They cannot be trusted and need to be micro managed. Employees of type Y, on the other hand, are self-motivated. They can work independently.
Term
Team Conflicts
Definition
Conflicts in the team are caused due to the following reasons in decreasing order of occurrences. Schedules Project Priorities Resources Technical Opinions So the most common cause of conflicts in projects are issues related to schedules.
Term
Quality Planning (Tools & Techniques)
Definition
Benefit/Cost Analysis Benchmarking Design of experiments Cost of Quality Additional Quality Planning Tools
Term
Herzberg Theory
Definition
Hygiene factors (salary, cleanliness etc.) if not present can destroy motivation. However good hygiene alone does not improve motivation. What motivates people is the work itself. The motivation factors for employees include responsibility, self-actualization, growth, recognition etc.
Term
Quality Planning (Outputs)
Definition
Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Quality Checklists Process Improvement Plan Quality Baseline Project Management Plan updates
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
Definition
There are various levels of needs for an employee. When a lower level is met, employee attempts to reach the next higher level. The maximum satisfaction is achieved when the employee reaches the highest level of satisfaction - self-fulfillment. These level of needs from the highest to lowest are: Self-fulfillment, Esteem, Social, Safety, Physiology
Term
Process Improvement Plan
Definition

Process boundaries: Describes the purpose, start, and end of processes, their inputs and outputs, data required, if any, and the owner and stakeholders of processes.

Process configuration: A flowchart of processes to facilitate analysis with interfaces identified.

Process metrics: Maintain control over status of processes.

Targets for improved performance: Guides the process improvement activities.

Term
War room
Definition
is a technique for team building. As part of this the project team meets in one room. It helps to create a project identity.
Term
Quality Assurance (Inputs)
Definition
Quality Management Plan Quality Metrics Process Improvement Plan Work Performance Information Approved Change Requests Quality Control Measurements Implemented Change Requests Implemented Corrective Actions Implemented Defect Repair Implemented Preventive Actions
Term
Project Quality Management Processes
Definition

Quality Planning

Quality Assurance

Quality Control

Term
Quality Assurance (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Quality-planning tools & techniques

(Benefit/cost analysis, benchmarking, flowcharting, design of experiments)

Quality Audits

Process Analysis

Quality Control Tools & Techniques

Term
Quality Planning (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Project Management Plan

Term
Quality Control (Inputs)
Definition

Quality Management Plan

Quality Metrics

Quality Checklists

Organizational Process Assets

Work Performance Information

Approved Change Requests

Deliverables

Term
Histogram
Definition
A histogram is a bar chart showing a distribution of variables. Each column represents an attribute or characteristic of a problem/situation. The height of each column represents the relative frequency of the characteristic. This tool helps identify the cause of problems in a process by the shape and width of the distribution.
Term
Quality Control (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Cause & Effect Diagram

Control Charts

Flowcharting

Histogram

Pareto Diagram

Run Chart

Scatter Diagram

Statistical Sampling Inspection (reviews)

Defect Repair Review

Term
Pareto Diagram
Definition
Pareto Diagram is a histogram and ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by type or category of identified case. Pareto diagrams are conceptually related to Pareto's law which holds that a relatively small number of causes will typically produce a large number of the problems or defects. This is commonly referred to as the 80/20 principle where 80% of the problems are due to 20% of the causes.
Term
Cause and Effect Diagram
Definition
Cause and effect diagrams, also called Ishikawa diagrams or fishbone diagrams, illustrate how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects.
Term
Run Chart
Definition
A run chart shows the history and pattern of variation. A run chart is a line graph that shows data points plotted in the order in which they occur. Run charts show trends in a process over time, variation over time, or declines or improvements in a process over time.
Term
Control Charts
Definition
Control charts are graphic display of the results over a time of a process. They are used to determine if the process is "in control".
Term
Scatter Diagram
Definition
A scatter diagram shows the pattern of relationship between two variables. This tool allows the quality team to study and identify the possible relationship between changes observed in two variables.
Term
Flowcharting
Definition
Flowcharting helps to analyze how problems occur. A flowchart is a graphical representation of a process and shows how various elements of a system interrelate.
Term
Statistical Sampling
Definition
Choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. Decision made thereafter on quality.
Term
Cost of Quality
Definition
The cost incurred to ensure quality. Includes quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and rework.
Term
Inspection (reviews)
Definition
Measuring, examining, and testing to determine whether results conform to requirements.
Term
Pareto Diagram
Definition
A histogram ordered by frequency of occurrence that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause.
Term
Defect Repair Review
Definition
Defect repair review is an action taken by the quality control department or similarly titled organization to ensure that product defects are repaired and brought into compliance with requirements or specifications.
Term
Performance Report
Definition
Collecting and disseminating information about project performance to help ensure project progress.
Term
Quality Control (Outputs)
Definition
Quality Control Measurements Validated Defect Repair Quality Baseline updates Recommended Corrective Actions Recommended Preventive Actions Requested Changes Recommended Defect Repair Organizational process Assets updates Validated Deliverables Project Management Plan updates
Term
Project Quality Management
Definition
The processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it as undertaken.
Term
Control
Definition
The process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, evaluating possible alternatives, and taking appropriate corrective action as needed.
Term
Quality Assurance (QA)
Definition
The process of evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards. Also, the organizational unit that is assigned responsibility for quality assurance.
Term
Control Charts
Definition
A graphic display of the results, over time and against established control limits, of a process. They are used to determine if the process is in control or in need of adjustment.
Term
Quality Control (QC)
Definition
The process of monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance. Also, the organizational unit that is assigned responsibility for quality control.
Term
Corrective Action
Definition
Changes made to bring expected future performance of the project into line with the plan.
Term
Quality Plan
Definition
A document setting out the specific quality practices, resources and sequence of activities relevant to a particular product, service, contract or project.
Term
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Definition
A common approach to implementing a quality improvement program within an organization.
Term
Quality Policy
Definition
The overall quality intentions and direction of an organization as regards quality, as formally expressed by top management.
Term
Deming
Definition
Deming suggested a process of Plan-Do-Check-Act to improve quality. According to Deming, each process should go through these steps to improve the quality.
Term
Kaizen Theory
Definition
Apply continuous small improvements to reduce costs and ensure consistency.
Term
Who’s responsibility is Quality
Definition
Management’s responsibility
Term
Aim of quality
Definition
The aim of quality is to ensure "Conformance to requirements" and "fitness for use".
Term
Marginal Analysis
Definition
You compare the cost of incremental improvements against the increase in revenue made from quality improvements. Optimal quality is reached when cost of improvements equals the costs to achieve quality.
Term
Gold-plating
Definition
Giving extras i.e. doing more than the project scope is called gold-plating. PMI does not recommend gold-plating.
Term
Rule of seven
Definition
In control charts, if there are seven points on one side of mean, then an assignable cause must be found.
Term
Which is more important, prevention or inspection of quality?
Definition
Quality must be planned in and not inspected in. Prevention is more important than inspection.
Term
Customer Satisfaction
Definition
Customer expectations met. Conform to requirements.
Term
Project Risk Management
Definition
The systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risk. It includes maximizing the probability and consequences of positive events and minimizing the probability and consequences of adverse events to project objectives.
Term
Prevention vs. Inspection
Definition
The cost of preventing mistakes/defects is much less than the cost of correcting them later when identified by inspection.
Term
Risk Identification (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Documentation reviews

Information Gathering Techniques

Checklists Analysis

Assumptions analysis

Diagramming Techniques

Term
Project Risk Management Processes
Definition

Risk Management Planning

Risk Identification

Qualitative Risk Analysis

Quantitative Risk Analysis

Risk Response Planning

Risk Monitoring and Control

Term
Information Gathering Techniques
Definition
Delphi, brainstorming, interviewing, SWOT analysis
Term
Risk Management Planning (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Project Management Plan

Term
Influence diagram
Definition
A Graphical representation of a problem showing casual influences, time ordering of events and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
Term
Risk Management Planning (Tools & Techniques)
Definition
Planning Meetings and Analysis
Term
Risk Identification (Outputs)
Definition
Risk Register
Term
Risk Management Planning (Outputs)
Definition

Risk Management Plan

  • Methodology
  • Approach and tools to be used
  • Roles & Responsibilities
  • Budgeting
  • Timing
  • Thresholds
  • Reporting & Tracking
Term
Risks Register – Definition
Definition
The risk register ultimately contains the outcomes of the other risk management processes as they are conducted. The preparation of the risk register begins in the Risk Identification process with the following information, and then becomes available to other project management and Project Risk Management processes.
Term
Risk Identification (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Risk Management Plan

Project Management Plan

Term
Qualitative Risk Analysis (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Risk probability & Impact Assessment Probability/Impact risk rating matrix

Risk Data Quality Assessment

Risk Categorization

Risk Urgency Assessment

Term
Risk probability and impact Assessment
Definition
Probability is the likelihood the event will occur. Impact is the effect on project objectives if the risk occurs.
Term
Qualitative Risk Analysis (Inputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Risk Management Plan

Risk Register

Term
Risk Urgency Assessment
Definition
Risks requiring near-term responses may be considered more urgent to address.
Term
Risk Data Quality Assessment
Definition
A qualitative risk analysis requires accurate and unbiased data if it is to be credible. Analysis of the quality of risk data is a technique to evaluate the degree to which the data about risks is useful for risk management. It involves examining the degree to which the risk is understood and the accuracy, quality, reliability, and integrity of the data about the risk.
Term
Qualitative Risk Analysis (Outputs)
Definition
Risk Register Updates
Term
Interviewing
Definition
Interviewing techniques are used to quantify the probability and impact of risks on project objectives
Term
Quantitative Risk Analysis (Inputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Risk Management Plan

Risk Register

Project Management Plan

Term
Probability distributions
Definition
Continuous probability distributions represent the uncertainty in values, such as durations of schedule activities and costs of project components. Discrete distributions can be used to represent uncertain events, such as the outcome of a test or a possible scenario in a decision tree.
Term
Risk Register
Definition
Key items from the risk register for Quantitative Risk Analysis include the list of identified risks, the relative ranking or priority list of project risks, and the risks grouped by categories.
Term
Expert judgment
Definition
Subject matter experts internal or external to the organization, such as engineering or statistical experts, validate data and techniques.
Term
Quantitative Risk Analysis (Tools & Techniques)
Definition
Data Gathering & Representation Techniques Quantitative Risk Analysis & Modeling Techniques
Term
Quantitative Risk Analysis and Modeling (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Sensitivity analysis

Expected monetary value analysis

Decision tree analysis

Modeling & Simulation

Term
Data Gathering and Representation (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Interviewing

Probability Distribution

Expert Judgement

Term
Sensitivity analysis
Definition
Sensitivity analysis helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project.
Term
Expected monetary value analysis
Definition
Expected monetary value (EMV) analysis is a statistical concept that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen.
Term
Risk Register updates
Definition
Risk Register is further updated in Quantitative Risk Analysis. The risk register is a component of the project management plan. Updates include the following main components:1.Prioritized list of quantified risks 2.Probabilistic analysis of project 3.Probability of achieving cost and time objectives 4.Trends in quantitative risk analysis results
Term
Decision tree analysis
Definition
Decision tree analysis is usually structured using a decision tree diagram that describes a situation under consideration, and the implications of each of the available choices and possible scenarios.
Term
Risk Response Planning (Inputs)
Definition

Risk Management Plan

Risk Register

Modeling and simulation

Term
Risk Management Plan - includes
Definition

List of prioritized risks Prioritized

list of quantified risks

Probabilistic analysis of project

Probability of meeting time and cost objectives

Trends in risk analysis results

Term
Risk Register updates
Definition
Risk Register is further updated in Quantitative Risk Analysis. The risk register is a component of the project management plan. Updates include the following main components: Prioritized list of quantified risks Probabilistic analysis of project Probability of achieving cost and time objectives Trends in quantitative risk analysis results
Term
Risk Register - includes
Definition

Relative rating or priority list of project risks

A list of risks requiring response in the near term

A list of risks for additional analysis and response Trends in qualitative risk analysis results

Root causes of risks Risks grouped by categories

Term
Quantitative Risk Analysis (Outputs)
Definition
Risk Register Updates
Term
Risk Response Planning (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Strategies for Negative Risks or Threats

Strategies for Positive Risks or Opportunities

Strategy for Both Threats & Opportunities

Contingent Response Strategy

Project Management plan updates

Term
Risk response strategies
Definition
Risk response strategies, once agreed to, must be fed back into the appropriate processes in other Knowledge Areas, including the project’s budget and schedule.
Term
Contingent Response Strategy
Definition
Some responses are designed for use only if certain events occur. For some risks, it is appropriate for the project team to make a response plan that will only be executed under certain predefined emergency conditions.
Term
Risk-Related Contractual Agreements
Definition
Contractual agreements, such as agreements for insurance, services, and other items as appropriate, can be prepared to specify each party’s responsibility for specific risks, should they occur.
Term
Acceptance
Definition
Strategy for Both Threats and Opportunities Project plan will not be changed to deal with the risk. May develop a contingency plan if the risk does occur.
Term
Risk Monitoring & Controlling (Inputs)
Definition

Risk Management Plan

Risk Register

Approved Change requests

Work Performance Information

Performance reports

Term
Enhance
Definition
Positive Risks or Opportunities This strategy modifies the .size. of an opportunity by increasing probability and/or positive impacts, and by identifying and maximizing key drivers of these positive-impact risks.
Term
Risk Monitoring & Controlling (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Risk Reassessment

Risk Audits

Variance & Trend Analysis

Technical Performance Measurement

Reserve Analysis

Status Meetings

Term
Share
Definition
Positive Risks or Opportunities Sharing a positive risk involves allocating ownership to a third party who is best able to capture the opportunity for the benefit of the project. Examples of sharing actions include forming risk-sharing partnerships, teams, special-purpose companies, or joint ventures.
Term
Risk Reassessment
Definition
Risk Monitoring and Control often requires identification of new risks and reassessment of risks, using the processes of this chapter as appropriate.
Term
Exploit
Definition
Positive Risks or Opportunities This strategy may be selected for risks with positive impacts where the organization wishes to ensure that the opportunity is realized. This strategy seeks to eliminate the uncertainty associated with a particular upside risk by making the opportunity definitely happen. Directly exploiting responses include assigning more talented resources to the project to reduce the time to completion
Term
Risk Audits
Definition
Risk audits examine and document the effectiveness of risk responses in dealing with identified risks and their root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk management process.
Term
Mitigation
Definition
Negative Risks To reduce the probability/impact of a risk to an acceptable threshold. (E.g. prototype).
Term
Variance and Trend Analysis
Definition
Trends in the project.s execution should be reviewed using performance data. Earned value analysis and other methods of project variance and trend analysis may be used for monitoring overall project performance.
Term
Transference
Definition
Negative Risks Shift the consequence of the risk and ownership to a third party. (E.g. insurance)
Term
Technical Performance Measurement
Definition
Technical performance measurement compares technical accomplishments during project execution to the project management plan.s schedule of technical achievement.
Term
Avoidance
Definition
Negative Risks Changing the project plan to eliminate the risk and protect the project objectives.
Term
Reserve Analysis
Definition
Throughout execution of the project, some risks may occur, with positive or negative impacts on budget or schedule contingency reserves. Reserve analysis compares the amount of the contingency reserves remaining to the amount of risk remaining at any time in the project, in order to determine if the remaining reserve is adequate.
Term
Risk Response Planning (Inputs)
Definition

Risk Register Updates

Project Management Plan updates

Risk-related contractual agreements

Term
Risk Monitoring & Controlling (Outputs)
Definition

Risk Register updates

Requested Changes

Recommended Corrective Actions

Recommended Preventive Actions

Organizational Process Assets updates

Project Management Plan updates

Risk Register update

Risk response plan

Residual risks

Secondary risks

Inputs to other processes

Contractual agreements

Contingency reserve amount needed

Input to a revised project plan

Term
Project Cost Management Processes
Definition

Resource Planning

Cost Estimating

Cost Budgeting

Cost Control

Term
Contingency Planning
Definition
The development of a management plan that identifies alternative strategies to be used to ensure project success if specified risk events occur.
Term
Cost estimating
Definition
Assessing how much it will cost the organization to provide the product or service. Cost estimating also includes identifying and considering cost alternatives.
Term
Contingency Reserve
Definition
A separately planned quantity used to allow for future situations which may be planned for only in part ("known unknowns"). Contingency reserves are intended to reduce the impact of missing cost or schedule objectives. Contingency reserves are normally included in the project's cost and schedule baselines.
Term
Pricing
Definition
Assessing how much the organization will charge for the product or service.
Term
Deflection
Definition
The act of transferring all or part of a risk to another party, usually by some form of contract.
Term
Cost Estimating (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Work Breakdown Structure

WBS Dictionary

Project Management Plan

Term
Expected Monetary Value
Definition
The product of an event's probability of occurrence and the gain or loss that will result. For example, if there is a 50% probability it will rain, and rain will result in a $100 loss, the expected monetary value of the rain event is $50 (.5 * $100).
Term
Cost Estimating(Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Analogous estimating

Determine Resource Cost Rates

Bottom-up estimating

Parametric modeling

Project Management Software

Vender Bid Analysis

Reserve Analysis

Cost of Quality

Term
Impact Analysis
Definition
The mathematical examination of the nature of individual risks on the project, as well as potential arrangements of interdependent risks. It includes the quantification of their respective impact severity, probability, and sensitivity to changes in related project variables, including the project life cycle.
Term
Analogous estimating
Definition
Analogous estimating is also called top-down estimating and uses the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project. It is frequently used to estimate total project costs when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project. Analogous estimating is a form of expert-judgment.
Term
Insurable Risk
Definition
A particular type of risk which can be covered by an insurance policy. Also referred to as a pure risk.
Term
Determine Resource Cost Rates
Definition
The person determining the rates or the group preparing the estimates must know the unit cost rates, such as staff cost per hour and bulk material cost per cubic yard, for each resource to estimate schedule activity costs.
Term
Management Reserve
Definition
A separately planned quantity used to allow for future situations which are impossible to predict. ("unknown unknowns") Management reserves are intended to reduce the risk of missing cost or schedule objectives. Use of management reserves requires a change to the project's cost baseline.
Term
Bottom-up estimating
Definition
Estimating the cost of individual work items and then rolling up the costs to arrive at a project total - more accurate.
Term
Mitigation
Definition
Taking steps to lessen risk by lowering the probability of a risk event's occurrence or reducing its effect should it occur.
Term
Parametric modeling
Definition
Using project characteristics (or parameters) in a mathematical model to predict costs (e.g., price per square foot).
Term
Monte Carlo Analysis
Definition
A schedule risk assessment technique that performs a project simulation many times in order to calculate a distribution of likely results.
Term
Project Management Software
Definition
Project management software, such as cost estimating software applications, computerized spreadsheets, and simulation and statistical tools, are widely used to assist with cost estimating.
Term
Project Cost Management
Definition
A group of processes required to ensure the project is completed within the approved budget.
Term
WBS Dictionary
Definition
The WBS dictionary and related detailed statements of work provide an identification of the deliverables and a description of the work in each WBS component required to produce each deliverable.
Term
Vendor Bid Analysis
Definition
In cases where projects are won under competitive processes, additional cost estimating work can be required of the project team to examine the price of individual deliverables, and derive a cost that supports the final total project cost.
Term
Activity Cost Estimates
Definition
The cost estimates for each schedule activity within a work package are aggregated to obtain a cost estimate for each work package.
Term
Reserve Analysis
Definition
Many cost estimators include reserves, also called contingency allowances, as costs in many schedule activity cost estimates.
Term
Project Schedule
Definition
The project schedule includes planned start and finish dates for the project.s schedule activities, schedule milestones, work packages, planning packages, and control accounts. This information is used to aggregate costs to the calendar periods when the costs are planned to be incurred.
Term
Cost of Quality
Definition
Cost of quality can also be used to prepare the schedule activity cost estimate.
Term
Contract
Definition
Contract information related to what products, services, or results have been purchased . and their costs . are used in developing the budget.
Term
Cost Estimating (Outputs)
Definition

Activity Cost Estimates

Activity Supporting detail

Requested Changes

Cost Management Plan Update

Term
Cost Management Plan
Definition
The cost management plan component of the project management plan and other subsidiary plans are considered during cost budgeting.
Term
Cost Management Plan Update
Definition
If approved change requests result from the Cost Estimating process, then the cost management plan component of the project management plan is updated if those approved changes impact the management of costs.
Term
Cost Budgeting (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Cost Aggregation

Reserve Analysis

Parametric Estimating

Funding Limit Reconciliation

Term
Requested Changes
Definition
The Cost Estimating process may generate requested changes that may affect the cost management plan , activity resource requirements, and other components of the project management plan.
Term
Cost Aggregation
Definition
Schedule activity cost estimates are aggregated by work packages in accordance with the WBS. The work package cost estimates are then aggregated for the higher component levels of the WBS, such as control accounts, and ultimately for the entire project.
Term
Activity Supporting detail
Definition

•Description of estimated scope of work

•Documentation of the basis for the estimate

•Documentation of any assumptions made

•Range of possible results

Term
Reserve Analysis
Definition
Reserve analysis establishes contingency reserves, such as the management contingency reserve, that are allowances for unplanned, but potentially required, changes. Such changes may result from risks identified in the risk register
Term
Activity Cost estimates
Definition
Quantitative assessments of the cost of resources (e.g., units of currency or staff hours).
Term
Parametric Estimating
Definition
The parametric estimating technique involves using project characteristics (parameters) in a mathematical model to predict total project costs.
Term
Cost Budgeting (Inputs)
Definition

Project Scope Statement

Work Breakdown Structure

WBS Dictionary

Activity cost Estimates

Activity Cost Estimate

Supporting Detail

Project Schedule

Resource Calendars

Contract Cost Management Plan

Term
Funding Limit Reconciliation
Definition
Large variations in the periodic expenditure of funds are usually undesirable for organizational operations. Therefore, the expenditure of funds is reconciled with the funding limits set by the customer or performing organization on the disbursement of funds for the project.
Term
Work Breakdown Structure
Definition
The project work breakdown structure (WBS) provides the relationship among all the components of the project and the project deliverables.
Term
Project Funding Requirements
Definition
Funding requirements, total and periodic (e.g., annual or quarterly), are derived from the cost baseline and can be established to exceed, usually by a margin, to allow for either early progress or cost overruns.
Term
Cost Budgeting (Output)
Definition

Cost Baseline

Project Funding Requirements

Cost Management Plan updates

Requested Changes

Term
Requested Changes
Definition
The Cost Budgeting process can generate requested changes that affect the cost management plan or other components of the project management plan.
Term
Cost baseline
Definition
Time phased budget that will be used to measure and monitor the cost performance of the project.
Term
Project Cost Control
Definition
  • Influencing the factors that create chges to the cost baseline
  • Ensuring requested changes are agreed upon
  • Managing the actual changes when and as they occur
  • Monitoring cost perf to detect variances from the plan.
  • Recording all appropriate changes accurately against the cost baseline
  • Ensuring that all appropriate changes are recorded.
  • Preventing incorrect, inappropriate, or unauthorized changes from being included.
  • Informing the appropriate stakeholders of authorized chgs.
  • Act to bring expected costs within acceptable limits.
  • Analyzing positive and negative variances.
Term
Cost Control (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Cost Change Control System

Performance measurement analysis

Forecasting

Project Performance Reviews

Project Management Software

Variance Management

Term
Cost Control (Inputs)
Definition

Cost Baseline

Project Funding Requirements

Performance Reports

Work Performance Information

Approved Change Requests

Project Management Plan

Term
Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP)
Definition
The sum of the approved cost estimates for activities completed during a given period (usually project-to-date).
Term
Cost Control - (Outputs)
Definition

Cost Estimates updates

Cost Baseline updates

Performance Measurements

Forecasted Completion

Requested Changes

Recommended Corrective Actions

Organizational Process Assets updates

Project Management Plan updates

Term
Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS)
Definition
The sum of the approved cost estimates for activities scheduled to be performed during a given period.
Term
Actual Cost (AC)
Definition
AC is the total cost incurred in accomplishing work on the schedule activity or WBS component during a given time period. It is also referred as ACWP (Actual Cost of Work Performed).
Term
Cost Estimating
Definition
Estimating the cost of the resources needed to complete project activities.
Term
Budget At Completion (BAC)
Definition
The estimated total cost of the project when done.
Term
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
Definition
The ratio of budgeted costs to actual costs (BCWP / ACWP). CPI is often used to predict the magnitude of a possible cost overrun using the following formula: original cost estimate/CPI = projected cost at completion. If CPI is less than 1, this means that the project is over budget.
Term
Chart of Accounts
Definition
Any numbering system used to monitor project costs by category (e.g., labor, supplies, materials). The project chart of accounts is usually based upon the corporate chart of accounts of the primary performing organization.
Term
Cost of Quality
Definition
Total cost for keeping the quality up to a defined standard. It includes cost like performing reviews, audits etc.
Term
Code of Accounts
Definition
Any numbering system used to uniquely identify each element of the WBS.
Term
Cost Variance (CV)
Definition
Any difference between the estimated cost of an activity and the actual cost of that activity. In earned value, CV = BCWP-ACWP.
Term
Contingency Reserve
Definition
A separately planned quantity used to allow for future situations which may be planned for only in part ("known unknowns"). Contingency reserves are intended to reduce the impact of missing cost or schedule objectives. Contingency reserves are normally included in the project's cost and schedule baselines.
Term
Earned Value
Definition
A method for measuring project performance. It compares the amount of work that was planned with what was actually accomplished to determine if cost and schedule performance is as planned. Earned Value (EV) is the physical work completed to date and the authorized budget for that. It is also referred as BCWP (Budgeted Cost of Work Performed).
Term
Cost Budgeting
Definition
Allocating the cost estimates to individual project components.
Term
Life Cycle Costing
Definition
The concept of including acquisition, operating, and disposal costs when evaluating various alternatives. Also known as the total cost of ownership
Term
Cost Control
Definition
Controlling changes to the project budget.
Term
Management Reserve
Definition
A separately planned quantity used to allow for future situations which are impossible to predict. ("unknown unknowns") Management reserves are intended to reduce the risk of missing cost or schedule objectives. Use of management reserves requires a change to the project's cost baseline.
Term
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
Definition
The expected total cost of an activity, a group of activities, or of the project when the defined scope of work has been completed. Most techniques for forecasting EAC include some adjustment of the original cost estimate based on project performance to date. EAC = Actuals-to-date + ETC.
Term
Parametric Estimating
Definition
An estimating technique that uses a statistical relationship between historical data and other variables to calculate an estimate.
Term
Estimate To Complete (ETC)
Definition
The expected additional cost needed to complete an activity, a group of activities, or the project. Most techniques for forecasting ETC include some adjustment to the original cost estimate based on project performance to date. This is also known as Forecast Final Cost.
Term
Payback Period
Definition
The number of time periods up to the point at which cumulative revenues exceed cumulative costs and, therefore, the project has turned a profit.
Term
Fixed Costs
Definition
Costs that do not change based on the number of units. These costs are nonrecurring.
Term
Percent Complete (PC)
Definition
The percentage of the amount of work which has been completed on an activity or group of activities.
Term
Planned Value (PV)
Definition
PV is the budgeted cost for the work scheduled to be completed on an activity or WBS component up to a given point in time. It is also referred as BCWS (Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled).
Term
Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
Definition
The ratio of work performed to work scheduled. (BCWP / BCWS).
Term
Project Cost Management
Definition
A subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within the approved budget.
Term
Working Capital
Definition
Current assets minus liabilities.
Term
Schedule Variance (SV)
Definition
Any difference between the scheduled completion of an activity and the actual completion of that activity. In earned value, BCWP - BCWS.
Term
Cost Baseline
Definition
Cost baseline refers to what is expected to be spent on the project. It is usually an S-curve. That is the expenditure is less in the beginning, and the end. The expenditure is maximum during the middle of the project.
Term
Value Analysis
Definition
A cost-reduction tool that involves careful analysis of a design or item to identify all the functions and the cost of each. It considers whether the function is necessary and whether it can be provided at a lower cost without degrading performance or quality. • BCWS: Baseline, Scheduled or Planned Costs • BCWP: Amount budgeted for the work performed • ACWP: Actual Cost of Work Performed • BAC: Total Budgeted Costs • EAC: Estimated at Completion • VAC: Variance at Completion. VAC = BAC – EAC • CPI = BCWP / ACWP (measures efficiency)
Term
cv
Definition
CV = BCWP - ACWP
Term
SPI
Definition
SPI = BCWP / BCWS (measures efficiency)
Term
SV
Definition
SV = BCWP - BCWS
Term
% COMPLETE
Definition
Percent Complete (accomplished): BCWP / BAC (real value of work accomplished)
Term
% SPENT
Definition
Percent Spent: ACWP / BAC
Term
EAC
Definition
EAC = BAC / CPI or EAC = ACWP + ETC
Term
ETC
Definition
ETC = EAC - ACWP
Term
Project Time Management
Definition
A group of processes required to ensure timely completion of the project.
Term
PDM includes four types of dependencies or precedence relationships
Definition
  • Finish-to-Start: Activity A must finish before Activity B can start.
  • Start-to-Start: Activity A must start before Activity B can start.
  • Finish-to-Finish: Activity A must finish before Activity B can finish.
  • Start-to-Finish: Activity A must start before Activity B can finish.
Term
Project Time Management Processes
Definition
Activity Definition Activity Sequencing Activity Resource Estimating Activity Duration Estimating Schedule Development Schedule Control
Term
Arrow Diagramming Method(ADM)
Definition
This method of constructing a project network diagram uses arrows to represent the activities and connects them at nodes to show their dependencies. This technique is also called activity-on-arrow( AOA) and less prevalent then PDM. ADM uses only finish-to-start dependencies and may require the use of dummy activities to define all logical relationship correctly.
Term
Activity Sequencing (Inputs)
Definition

Activity list

Activity Attributes

Milestone List

Term
Conditional Diagramming Methods
Definition
Diagramming techniques such as Graphical Evaluation & Review Technique ( GERT) and System Dynamics models allow for non-sequential activities such as loops or conditional branches. Neither PDM nor ADM allows loops or conditional branches.
Term
Activity Sequencing (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Precedence diagramming method (PDM)

Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)

Conditional Diagramming Methods

Network Templates

Dependency Determination

Applying Leads and Lags

Term
Network Templates
Definition
Standardized networks can be used to expedite the preparation of Project Network Diagram. This can include an entire project or only a portion of it. Portion or a network are often refrred to as subnet or fragments.
Term
Dependency Determination: Three types of dependencies
Definition
  • Mandatory dependencies (Hard logic): Determined by the nature of work to be done.
  • Discretionary dependencies (Soft logic): Defined by the project management team.
  • External dependencies : Relationships between project activities and non-project activities. E.g. delivery of hardware of an external supplier.
Term
Activity Sequencing (Outputs)
Definition

Project Schedule network diagram

Activity list updates

Activity Attributes updates

Requested Changes

Term
Applying Leads and Lags
Definition
A lead allows an acceleration of the successor activity and A lag directs a delay in the successor activity.
Term
Activity Resource Estimating (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Activity List

Activity Attributes

Resource Availability

Project Management Plan

Term
Activity Resource Estimating (Outputs)
Definition

Activity Resource Requirements

Activity Attributes updates

Resource Breakdown Structure

Resource Calendar updates

Requested Changes

Term
Activity Resource Estimating (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Expert Judgement

Published Estimating Data

Alternatives Analysis

Project Management Software

Bottom-up Estimating

Term
Activity Duration Estimating (InputS)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Activity List & Attributes

Activity Resource Requirements

Resource Calendar

Project Management Plan

Term
Parametric Estimating
Definition
Estimating the basis for activity durations can be quantitatively determined by multiplying the quantity of work to be performed by the productivity rate.
Term
Project Management Plan Contains:
Definition

Risk Register

Activity Cost Estimates

Term
Three-Point Estimates are based on determining three types of estimates:
Definition
  • Most likely:The activity duration is based on a average-case scenario of what is described in the most likely estimate.
  • Optimistic: The activity duration is based on a best-case scenario of what is described in the most likely estimate.
  • Pessimistic : The activity duration is based on a worst-case scenario of what is described in the most likely estimate.
Term
Risk Register
Definition
has information on identified project risks that the project team considers when producing estimates of activity durations and adjusting those durations for risks.
Term
Reserve Analysis (Contingency)
Definition
Project teams may choose to incorporate an additional time frame, called time reserve, contingency or buffer, that can be added to the activity duration or elsewhere in the schedule as recognition of schedule risk.
Term
Activity Cost Estimates
Definition
The project activity cost estimates, if already completed, can be developed in sufficient detail to provide estimated resource quantities for each schedule activity in the project activity list.
Term
Activity Duration Estimating (OutputS)
Definition

Activity Duration estimates

Activity attributes updates

Term
Activity Duration Estimating (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Expert Judgement

Analogous estimates

Parametric Estimating

Three-Point Estimates

Reserve Analysis (contingency)

Schedule Development Input

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope Statement

Activity List & Attributes

Project Schedule

Network Diagrams

Activity Resource Requirements

Resource Calendars

Activity Duration Estimates

Project Management Plan

Term
Analogous estimates
Definition
Also called Top-down estimating, Uses duration of a previous, similar activity as the basis. Its form of expert judgement.
Term
Critical Chain Method
Definition
Critical chain is another schedule network analysis technique that modifies the project schedule to account for limited resources. Critical chain combines deterministic and probabilistic approaches.
Term
Schedule Development (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Mathematical analysis

Duration Compression

Resource Leveling Heuristics

Project Management Software

Applying Calendars

Adjusting Leads and Lags

Schedule Model

Critical Chain Method

What-If Scenario Analysis

Term
What-If Scenario Analysis
Definition
This is an analysis of the question .What if the situation represented by scenario .X. happens?"
Term
Mathematical analysis
Definition

Critical Path Method(CPM)

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT)

Term
Schedule Development - (Outputs)
Definition

Schedule Development

Schedule Model Data

Schedule Baseline

 Resource requirement updates

Activity Attribute updates

Project Calendar updates

Requested changes

Project Management Plan Updates

Term
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Definition
Calculates a single, deterministic early and late start and finish date for each activity, to be used to determine which activities must be completed on time to avoid impacting the finish date of the project. The focus of CPM is calculating float to determine which activities have the least scheduling flexibility.
Term
Schedule Control
Definition
  • Determining the current status of the project schedule
  • Influencing factors that cause schedule changes ensuring these are agreed upon
  • Determining that the schedule has changed
  • Managing the changes when and as they occur.
Term
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Definition
Uses a weighted average duration estimate to calculate duration. Uses the probability of an estimate.s accuracy. Expected Time = (Low + 4*Medium + High) / 6
Term
Schedule Control - (Inputs)
Definition

Schedule Management Plan

Schedule Baseline

Performance Reports

Approved Change requests

Term
Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT )
Definition
Allows for probabilistic treatment of both network logic and activity duration estimates ( ie. some activities may not be performed at all, some may be performed only in part and others may be performed more than once.
Term
Schedule Control (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Progress Reporting

Schedule change control system

Performance measurement (Earned Value)

Project Management software

Variance Analysis

Schedule Comparison Bar Charts

Term
Duration Compression
Definition
is a special case of mathematical analysis that looks for ways to shorten the project schedule without changing the project scope. Duration compression includes techniques such as: Crashing, Fast Tracking
Term
Progress Reporting
Definition
The progress reporting and current schedule status includes information such as actual start and finish dates, and the remaining durations for unfinished schedule activities. Project Crashing is a method for shortening the project duration by reducing the time of one or more of the critical project activities to less than its normal activity time. The objective of crashing is to reduce project duration while minimizing the cost of crashing. Crashing is reducing project time by expending additional resources.
Term
Crash Time
Definition
Crash Time is an amount of time an activity is reduced
Term
Crash cost
Definition
Crash cost is the cost of reducing activity.
Term
Schedule change control system
Definition
Defines the procedure for changing the project schedule. It includes the paper work, tracking system, and approval levels necessary for authorizing changes. Schedule change control should be integrated with the integrated change control system.
Term
Fast Tracking
Definition
Doing activities in parallel that would normally be done in sequence ( eg. starting to write code on a software project before the design is complete). Fat tracking often results in rework and usually increases risk
Term
Performance measurement (Earned Value)
Definition
Assessment of schedule variations to determine whether they require corrective actions. For example, a major delay on a noncritical activity may have little effect on the overall project while a much shorter delay on a critical activity may require immediate action.
Term
Resource Leveling Heuristics
Definition
Allocate scare resources to critical path activities first etc.
Term
Variance Analysis
Definition
Comparing target dates with the actual/forecast start and finish dates.
Term
Adjusting Leads and Lags
Definition
Since the improper use of leads or lags can distort the project schedule, the leads or lags are adjusted during schedule network analysis to develop a viable project schedule.
Term
Resource Leveling
Definition
Any form of network analysis in which start and finish dates are driven by resource management concerns.Resource leveling refers to keeping the resources same across the duration of the project.
Term
Schedule Comparison Bar Charts
Definition
To facilitate analysis of schedule progress, it is convenient to use a comparison bar chart, which displays two bars for each schedule activity. One bar shows the current actual status and the other shows the status of the approved project schedule baseline.
Term
Resource-Limited Schedule
Definition
A project schedule whose start and finish dates reflect expected resource availability. The final project schedule should always be resource limited.
Term
Schedule Control (Outputs)
Definition

Schedule Model Data updates

Schedule Baseline updates

Performance Measurements

Requested Changes

Corrective Action

Organizational Process Asset updates

Activity List & Attributes updates

Project Management Plan updates

Term
Resource pool
Definition
Description of the available resources and the times they are available to work on the project
Term
Activity
Definition
An element of work performed during the course of a project. (Normally has duration, cost, and resource requirements.)
Term
Simulation
Definition
involves calculating multiple project durations with different sets of activity assumptions. The most common technique is Monte Carlo Analysis, in which a distribution of probable results is defined for each activity and used to calculate a distribution of probable results for the total project.
Term
Baseline
Definition
The original plan plus or minus approved changes.
Term
Time-Scaled Network Diagram
Definition
Any project network diagram drawn is such a way that the positioning and length of the activity represents its duration. Essentially, it is a bar chart that includes network logic.
Term
Arrow Diagram Method (ADM)
Definition
A network diagramming technique in which activities are represented by arrows. The tail of the arrow represents the start and the head of the arrow represents the end of the activity. Activities are connected at points called nodes to illustrate the sequence in which activities are expected to be performed. Also called Activity-On-Arrow (AOA).
Term
Slack or Float
Definition
Slack or Float is the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the project. Tasks on the critical path have zero float.
Term
Backward Pass
Definition
The calculation of late finish and start dates for the uncompleted portions of all network activities. Determined by working backwards through the network logic from the project's end date.
Term
Project Scope Management
Definition
A group of processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project.
Term
Concurrent Engineering
Definition
Generally speaking, an approach to project staffing that calls for the implementers to be involved in the design phase. (sometimes confused with fast tracking.)
Term
Project Scope Management - Processes
Definition
Scope Planning Scope Definition Create WBS Scope Verification Scope Control
Term
Critical Activity
Definition
An activity on a critical path.
Term
Product Scope
Definition
The features and functions that are to be included in a product or service.
Term
Critical Path
Definition
The series of activities which determines the earliest completion of the project. The critical path is usually defined as those activities with float less than or equal to a specified value (usually zero).
Term
Project Scope
Definition
The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions.
Term
Control Account
Definition
A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance management. Control points are places at selected management points of the WBS. Each control account may include one or more work package but each work package may be associated with only one control account.
Term
Early Start Date (ES)
Definition
In the critical path method, the earliest possible date in which the uncompleted portions of an activity or project can start. Can change as the project progresses.
Term
Discretionary dependencies (Soft logic)
Definition
Defined by the project management team.
Term
External dependencies
Definition
Relationships between project activities and non-project activities. E.g. delivery of hardware of an external supplier.
Term
Dummy Activity
Definition
An activity of zero duration used to show a logical relationship in the arrow diagramming method. Dummy activities are used when logical relationships cannot be completely or correctly described with regular activity arrows. Dummies are shown graphically as a dashed line headed by an arrow.
Term
Float
Definition
The amount of time that an activity may be delayed from its early start without delaying the project finish date. (Also called slack, total float, and path float).
Term
Early Finish Date (EF)
Definition
In the critical path method, the earliest possible date in which the uncompleted portions of an activity or project can complete. Can change as the project progresses.
Term
Forward Pass
Definition
The calculation of the early start and early finish dates for the uncompleted portions of all network activities.
Term
Free Float (FF)
Definition
The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of any immediately succeeding activities.
Term
Late Finish Date (LF)
Definition
In the critical path method, the latest possible date that an activity may be completed without delaying a specified milestone (usually the project finish date).
Term
Gantt Chart
Definition
A graphic display of schedule-related information using bars.GERT is another type of network diagram. It can support looping.
Term
Late Start Date (LS)
Definition
In the critical path method, the latest possible date that an activity may begin without delaying a specified milestone (usually the project finish date).
Term
Hammock
Definition
An aggregate or summary activity
Term
Lead
Definition
A modification of a logical relationship which allows an acceleration of the successor task. For example, in a FS relationship with a 10 day lead, the successor can start 10 days prior to the completion of the predecessor.
Term
Hanger
Definition
An unintended break in a network path. Hangers are usually caused by missing activities or missing logical relationships.
Term
Master Schedule
Definition
A summary level schedule which identifies the major activities and milestones.
Term
Lag
Definition
A modification of a logical relationship which directs a delay in the successor task. Lags are inserted waiting times in between tasks. For example Task B cannot start until three days after task A completes.
Term
Milestone
Definition
A significant event in the project, usually completion of a major deliverable.
Term
Path Convergence
Definition
In mathematical analysis, the tendency of parallel paths of approximately equal duration to delay the completion of the milestone where they meet.
Term
Scope planning (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Expert Judgement

Templates, Forms, Standards

Term
Scope planning
Definition
Scope planning is the process of progressively elaborating and documenting the project work (project scope) that produces the product of the project. Identifies the project objectives and deliverables and forms basis of agreement.
Term
Scope planning (Outputs)
Definition
Scope Management Plan
Term
Scope planning (Inputs)
Definition

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Project Charter

Preliminary Project Scope Statement

Project Management Plan

Term
Scope Management Plan
Definition

Guidelines for how scope is to be managed and how scope changes are to be integrated into the project. It includes

  • A process that specifies how formal verification and acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained
  • A process that enables the creation of the WBS from the detailed project scope statement, and establishes how the WBS will be maintained and approved
  • A process to prepare a detailed project scope statement based upon the preliminary project scope statement
  • A clear description of how scope changes will be identified and classified.
Term
Alternatives Identification
Definition
Identifying alternatives is a technique used to generate different approaches to execute and perform the work of the project.
Term
Scope Definition
Definition

Scope Definition involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components to:

  • Improve the accuracy of cost,time and resource estimates.
  • Define a baseline for performance measurement and control.
  • Facilitate clear responsibility assignments.
Term
Expert Judgment
Definition
Each application area has experts who can be used to develop portions of the detailed project scope statement.
Term
Scope Definition (Inputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets

Project Charter

Preliminary Project Scope Statement

Project Scope Management Plan

Approved Change Requests

Term
Stakeholder Analysis
Definition
Stakeholder analysis identifies the influence and interests of the various stakeholders and documents their needs, wants, and expectations. The analysis then selects, prioritizes, and quantifies the needs, wants, and expectations to create requirements.
Term
Scope Definition (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Product Analysis

Alternatives Identification

Expert Judgement

Stakeholder Analysis

Term
Scope Definition (Outputs)
Definition

Project Scope Statement

Requested changes

Project Scope management Plan (updates)

Term
Product Analysis
Definition
Product analysis includes techniques such as product breakdown, systems analysis, systems engineering, value engineering, value analysis, and functional analysis.
Term
Requested Changes
Definition
Requested changes to the project management plan and its subsidiary plans may be developed during the Scope Definition process. Requested changes are processed for review and disposition through the Integrated Change Control process.
Term
Project Scope Statement
Definition
The project scope statement describes, in detail, the project.s deliverables and the work required to create those deliverables. The project scope statement also provides a common understanding of the project scope among all project stakeholders and describes the project.s major objectives.
Term
detailed project scope statement includes
Definition
Project Objectives Product scope description Project requirements Project Boundaries Project Deliverables Product Acceptance Criteria Project constraints & assump. Initial project organization Initial defined risks Schedule milestones Fund limitation & cost est. Project config. Mgmt. req. Project specifications Approval requirements
Term
Project Scope Management Plan (Updates)
Definition
The project scope management plan component of the project management plan may need to be updated to include approved change requests resulting from the project.s Scope Definition process.
Term
Create WBS
Definition
The WBS is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team, to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables. The WBS organizes and defines the total scope of the project. The WBS subdivides the project work into smaller, more manageable pieces of work, with each descending level of the WBS representing an increasingly detailed definition of the project work. The planned work contained within the lowest-level WBS components, which are called work packages, can be scheduled, cost estimated, monitored, and controlled.
Term
WBS Dictionary
Definition
The document generated by the Create WBS process that supports the WBS is called the WBS dictionary and is a companion document to the WBS. The detailed content of the components contained in a WBS, including work packages and control accounts, can be described in the WBS dictionary.
Term
Create WBS - (Inputs)
Definition

Organizational Process Assets

Project Scope statement

Project Scope Management Plan

Approved Change Requests

Term
Scope Baseline
Definition
The approved detailed project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary are the scope baseline for the project.
Term
Create WBS (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Work Breakdown Structure

Templates

Decomposition

Term
Project Scope Management Plan (Updates)
Definition
If approved change requests result from the Create WBS process, then the project scope management plan may need to be updated to include approved changes.
Term
Work Breakdown Structure Templates
Definition
Although each project is unique, a WBS from a previous project can often be used as a template for a new project, since some projects will resemble another prior project to some extent.
Term
Requested Changes
Definition
Requested changes to the project scope statement and its components may be generated from the Create WBS process, and are processed for review and approval through the integrated change control process.
Term
Decomposition
Definition
Decomposition is the subdivision of project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components until the work and deliverables are defined to the work package level. The work package level is the lowest level in the WBS, and is the point at which the cost and schedule for the work can be reliably estimated.
Term
Scope Verification (Inputs)
Definition

Project Scope Statement

WBS Dictionary

Project Scope Management Plan

Deliverables

Term
Decomposition Activities
Definition
  • Identifying the deliverables and related work • Structuring and organizing the WBS
  • Decomposing the upper WBS levels into lower level detailed components
  • Developing and assigning identification codes to the WBS components
  • Verifying that the degree of decomposition of the work is necessary and sufficient.
Term
Scope Verification (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Inspection

Delphi Technique

Management by Objective (MBO)

Term
Create WBS (Outputs)
Definition

Project Scope Statement (updates)

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

WBS Dictionary

Scope Baseline

Project Scope Management Plan (updates)

Requested Changes

Term
Inspection
Definition
This includes activities, such as measuring, examining, and testing, undertaken to determine whether results conform to requirements. There are following two ways to perform inspections.
Term
8/80 rule for WBS
Definition
No task should be less than 8 hours or more than 80 hours.
Term
Delphi Technique
Definition
This method is used to obtain expert opinion on technical issues, the required scope or risk involved. A request is sent to the experts and their returned responses are compiled and then sent back to them for further review to get consensus.
Term
WBS
Definition
WBS is a graphical representation of the hierarchy of the project. The WBS template can be reused across projects. WBS forces the project team to think through all the levels of the project. If a task is not in the WBS, then it is not part of the project.
Term
Scope Control (Inputs)
Definition

Project Scope Statement

Work Breakdown Structure

WBS Dictionary

Project Scope Management Plan

Performance Reports

Approved Change Requests

Work Performance Information

Term
Management by Objective(MBO):
Definition

is a management philosophy with three objectives

  • Establish unambiguous and realistic objectives
  • Periodically Evaluate if objectives are being met
  • Take corrective actions.
Term
Scope Control (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Change Control System

Variance Analysis

Replanning

Configuration Management System

Term
Scope Verification (Outputs)
Definition

Accepted Deliverables

Requested Changes

Recommended Corrective Actions

Term
Change Control System
Definition
Defines procedures for changing project scope.
Term
Accepted Deliverables
Definition
The Scope Verification process documents those completed deliverables that have been accepted by the client.
Term
Variance Analysis
Definition
Project performance measurements are used to assess the magnitude of variation.
Term
Requested Changes
Definition
Requested changes may be generated from the Scope Verification process, and are processed for review and disposition through the Integrated Change Control process.
Term
Replanning
Definition
These approved change requests can cause updates to components of the project management plan.
Term
Project Scope Control Includes
Definition
  • Influencing the factors which create scope changes to ensure that changes are agreed upon.
  • Determining that a scope change has occurred.
  • Managing the actual changes when they occur.
  • The system includes the paperwork, tracking systems, and approval levels necessary for authorizing changes.
Term
Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS)
Definition
A hierarchically organized depiction of the resources by type to be used on the project.
Term
Configuration Management System
Definition
A formal configuration management system provides procedures for the status of the deliverables, and assures that requested changes to the project scope and product scope are thoroughly considered and documented before being processed through the Integrated Change Control process.
Term
Project Integration Management
Definition
A group of processes required to ensure that the various elements of the project are properly coordinated. Scope Control (Outputs)
Term
Project Scope Statement (updates)
Definition

Work Breakdown structure (updates)

WBS Dictionary (Updates)

Scope Baseline (updates)

Requested Changes

Recommended Corrective Action

Organizational Process Assets (updates)

Term
Project Management Plan (updates)
Definition

Project Integration

Management Processes

Develop Project Charter

Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement

Develop Project Management Plan

Direct and Manage Project Execution

Monitor and Control Project Work

Integrated Change Control

Close Project

Term
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
Definition
Provides a hierarchically organized depiction of the project organization arranged so that the work packages can be related to the performing organizational units.
Term
Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)
Definition
A hierarchically organized depiction of the identified project risks arranged by risk category.
Term
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Definition
Presents a hierarchical tabulation of the physical assemblies, subassemblies, and components needed to fabricate a manufactured product.
Term
Project Charter
Definition
Should address the following information: Requirements that satisfy customer, sponsor, and other stakeholder needs, wants and expectations Business needs, high-level project description, or product requirements that the project is undertaken to address Project purpose or justification Assigned Project Manager and authority level Summary milestone schedule Stakeholder influences Functional organizations and their participation Organizational, environmental and external assumptions Organizational, environmental and external constraints Business case justifying the project, including return on investment Summary budget. Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement (Inputs) Project Charter Project Statement of Work Enterprise Environmental Factors Organizational Process Assets Develop Project Charter (Inputs) Contract (When Applicable) Project Statement of work (SOW) Enterprise Environmental Factors Organizational Process Assets
Term
Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project Management Methodology

Project Management Information System

Expert Judgement

Term
Develop Project Charter (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project Selection methods

Constrained Optimization Methods

Expert Judgement

Project Management Information System

Project Management Methodology

Term
Develop Project Charter (Outputs)
Definition
Project Charter
Term
Project Management Information System
Definition
The project management information system, an automated system, is used by the project management team to support generation of a preliminary project scope statement.
Term
Project Scope Statement
Definition
The project scope statement is the definition of the project. what needs to be accomplished.
Term
Expert Judgment
Definition
Expert judgment is applied to any technical and management details to be included in the preliminary project scope statement.
Term
Project Scope Statement Includes
Definition
Project and product objectives , Product or service requirements and characteristics, Product acceptance criteria, Project boundaries, Project requirements and deliverables, Project constraints & assumptions, Initial project organization, Initial defined risks, Schedule milestones, Initial WBS, Order of magnitude cost estimate, project configurations management requirements, Approval requirements
Term
Project Plan Development
Definition
Taking the results of other planning processes and putting them into a consistent, coherent document that can be used to guide both project execution and project control.
Term
Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement (Outputs)
Definition
Preliminary Project Scope Statement
Term
Project Plan Development Includes
Definition
  • The project management processes selected by the project management team
  • The level of implementation of each selected process
  • The descriptions of the tools and techniques to be used for accomplishing those processes
  • How the selected processes will be used to manage the specific project.
  • How work will be executed to accomplish the project obj.
  • How changes will be monitored and controlled
  • How configuration management will be performed
  • The need and techniques for communication among stakeholders
Term
Project Plan Development (Outputs)
Definition
Project plan
Term
Project Plan Development (Inputs)
Definition

Preliminary Project Scope Statement

Project Management Processes

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Term
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
Definition
A structure which relates the project organization structure to the WBS to help ensure that each element of the project's scope of work is assigned to a responsible individual.
Term
Project Plan Development (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project planning methodology

Stakeholder skills and knowledge

Project mgmt. Information system (PMIS)

Expert Judgement

Term
Project Plan
Definition

Composed of one or more of the following subsidiary plans

  • Project scope management plan
  • Schedule management plan
  • Cost management plan
  • Quality management plan
  • Process improvement plan
  • Staffing management plan
  • Communication management plan
  • Risk management plan
  • Procurement management plan
Term
Direct & Manage Project Execution
Definition
The Direct and Manage Project Execution process requires the project manager and the project team to perform multiple actions to execute the project management plan to accomplish the work defined in the project scope statement.
Term
The project management plan can have one or more following components
Definition
  • Milestone list
  • Resource calendar
  • Schedule baseline
  • Cost baseline
  • Quality baseline
  • Risk register
Term
Direct & Manage Project Execution Actions
Definition
  • Perform activities to accomplish project objectives
  • Expend effort and spend funds to accomplish the project objectives
  • Implement the planned methods and standards
  • Adapt approved changes into the project.s scope, plans, and environment
  • Create, control, verify, and validate project deliverables
  • Manage risks and implement risk response activities
Term
Monitor & Control Project Work
Definition
The Monitor and Control Project Work process is performed to monitor project processes associated with initiating, planning, executing, and closing.
Term
Direct & Manage Project Execution (Inputs)
Definition

Project Plan

Approved Corrective Actions

Approved Preventive Actions

Approved Change Requests

Approved Defect Repair

Validated Defect Repair

Administrative Closure Procedure

Term
Project Plan
Definition
A formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control. The primary uses of the project plan are to document planning assumptions and decisions, to facilitate communication among stakeholders, and to document approved scope, cost, and schedule baselines. A project plan may be summary or detail.
Term
Direct & Manage Project Execution (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project Management Methodology

Project Management Information System

Term
Monitor & Control Project Work Concerned with
Definition
  • Providing information to support status reporting, progress measurement, and forecasting
  • Monitoring implementation of approved changes when and as they occur.
  • Providing forecasts to update current cost and current schedule information
Term
Direct & Manage Project Execution (Outputs)
Definition

Deliverables

Requested Changes

Implemented Change Requests

Implemented Corrective Actions

Implemented Preventive Actions

Implemented Defect Repair

Work Performance Information

Term
Integrated Change Control (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project Management Methodology

Project Management Information System

Term
Expert Judgement
Definition
  • Comparing actual project performance against the project management plan
  • Assessing performance to determine whether any corrective or preventive actions are indicated, and then recommending those actions as necessary
  • Analyzing, tracking, and monitoring project risks to make sure the risks are identified, their status is reported, and that appropriate risk response plans are being executed
  • Maintaining an accurate, timely information base concerning the project's product(s) and their associated documentation through project completion
Term
Integrated Change Control – (Outputs)
Definition

Approved Change Requests

Rejected change Requests

Project Management Plan (updates)

Project Scope Statement (updates)

Approved Corrective Actions

Approved Preventive Actions

Approved Defect Repair

Validated Defect Repair

Deliverables

Term
Monitor & Control Project Work (Inputs)
Definition

Project Management Plan

Work Performance Information

Rejected Change Requests

Term
Close Project
Definition
The Close Project process involves performing the project closure portion of the project management plan. Two procedures are developed to establish the interactions necessary to perform the closure activities across the entire project or for a project phase
Term
Monitor & Control Project Work (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project Management Methodology

Project Management Information System

Earned Value Technique

Expert Judgement

Term
Administrative closure procedure
Definition
This procedure details all the activities, interactions, and related roles and responsibilities of the project team members and other stakeholders involved in executing the administrative closure procedure for the project
Term
Monitor & Control Project Work (Outputs)
Definition

Recommended Corrective Actions

Recommended Preventive Actions

Forecasts

Recommended Defect Repair

Requested Changes

Term
Contract closure procedure
Definition
This procedure details all activities and interactions needed to settle and close any contract agreement established for the project, as well as define those related activities supporting the formal administrative closure of the project. This procedure involves both product verification and administrative closure.
Term
Integrated Change Control (Inputs)
Definition

Project Management Plan

Requested Changes

Work Performance Information

Recommended Preventive Actions

Recommended Corrective Actions

Recommended Defect Repair

Deliverables

Term
Program
Definition
A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way. Programs usually include an element of ongoing activity.
Term
Close Project (Inputs)
Definition

Project Management Plan

Contract Documentation

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Organizational Process Assets

Work Performance Information

Deliverables

Term
Project Charter
Definition
A formal document issued by senior management which explains the purpose of the project including the business needs the project and the resulting product. It provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
Term
Project Life Cycle
Definition
A collection of generally sequential project phases whose name and no. are determined by the control needs of the organization(s) involved in the project.
Term
Close Project (Tools & Techniques)
Definition

Project Management Methodology

Project Management Information

System Expert Judgement

Term
Project Management Methodology
Definition
The project management methodology defines a process that aids a project management team in developing and controlling changes to the preliminary project scope statement.
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