Term
| most common causes of exudative effusion: |
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Definition
| cancer & bacterial pneumonia |
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|
Term
| transudative effusion etiology: |
|
Definition
| hydrostatic/oncotic pressures |
|
|
Term
| most common cause for transudative pleural effusion: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of pleural effusions overall: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small pleural effusions are defined as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs & Sx of pleural effusion: |
|
Definition
| painful or unpainful cough, dyspnea, may be pleuritic chest pain, decrease in tactile fremittus, dull percussion, decreased breath sounds over affected area, friction rub heard, shift of trachea, bulging of intercostals |
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|
Term
| plain CXR can detect effusions from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classic effusion radiographic sign: |
|
Definition
| flattened diaphragm where the fluid has filled in the costophrenic angle |
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|
Term
| when is diagnostic thoracentesis indicated? |
|
Definition
| when there is no obvious cause for the effusion |
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|
Term
| when is ultrasound useful for effusions? |
|
Definition
| used to locate small effusions and find sites for thoracentesis |
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Term
| which labs are used to distinguish btwn exudate and transudate? |
|
Definition
| WBC, protein, LDH, Glu, pH |
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|
Term
| what is the ratio of pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH that is indicative of exudative effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mononuclear WBCs in pleural fluid is indicative of: transudate or exudate |
|
Definition
| transudate: WBC<1000/microliter |
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|
Term
| when sould a thoracentesis be performed if you suspect exudative effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what other invasive test may be indicated if there is exudative effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which radiographic test is indicated when exudate is found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is thoracentesis indicated for transudative effusion? |
|
Definition
| only if the effusion is causing dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| when pleural surface is directly invaded by malignant cells treat with: |
|
Definition
| chemotherapy and/or radiation |
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|
Term
| which underlysing causes are related to unilateral vs bilateral effusions |
|
Definition
unilateral = cancer
bilateral = CHF |
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