Term
|
Definition
| the stoppage of blood flow |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inappropiate formation of clots within the vascular system |
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|
Term
| how many stages are in hemostasis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the first 2 stages of hemostasis? |
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Definition
| 1-vessel spasm. 2-formation of the platelet plug |
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Term
|
Definition
| blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot |
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Term
|
Definition
| 4-clot retraction 5-clot dissolution |
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Term
| what does a vessel spasm do? |
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Definition
| it constricts the vessel and reduces blood flow |
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|
Term
| small breaks in the vessel wall are filled with...? |
|
Definition
| a platelet plug versus a blood clot |
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|
Term
| platelets are also known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do megakaryotes release? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many platelets should u have ine ver microliter? |
|
Definition
| 150,000-400,000 platelets per microliter |
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Term
|
Definition
| released from bone marrow, 8 hours in spleen, enter blood and live for 8-9 days |
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|
Term
| what protein controls platelets production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does thrombopoiten cause? |
|
Definition
| production and maturation of megakaryocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| cell membrane, no nucleus, cannot reproduce. |
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|
Term
| the outter membrane of a platelet is? |
|
Definition
| covered with coagulation proteins. GPIIb/IIIa is found on it |
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Term
|
Definition
| it binds fibrinogen and connects platelets to one another |
|
|
Term
| platlet plug formation involves |
|
Definition
| adhesion and aggregation of platelets. they are attracted to damaged vessel walls |
|
|
Term
| when platelets become activated what happens? |
|
Definition
| their membrane goes from smooth to spiked with glycoproteins on the surface |
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|
Term
| platelet adhesion requires a particular protein, what is it? |
|
Definition
| von willbrand factor (vWF) |
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|
Term
| adhesion to a vessel occurs when? |
|
Definition
| platelets receptors bind to the vWF |
|
|
Term
| what to platelets bind to on the endothelial wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is required for the coagulation component of hemostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it's a postaglandin that stimulates platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| fibronigen is converted into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creates a fibrin meshwork that cements platelets and otehr blood parts together |
|
|
Term
| the glycoproteins on the cell membrane |
|
Definition
| controls interactiosn between the endothelium |
|
|
Term
| what is an important glycoporotein on the surface of a platelet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it binds fibrinogen and links platelets togther |
|
|
Term
| the third step of coagulation involves? |
|
Definition
| converting fibronigen into fibrin |
|
|
Term
| why do we need vitamin k? |
|
Definition
| it makes factors II, VII, IX, and X and protein C |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inactivation of calcium will prevent? |
|
Definition
| clotting when it is removed from the body |
|
|
Term
| wht are the two coagulation processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the fastest pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the activation of facotr X causes? |
|
Definition
| prothrombin to be converted into thrombin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it ACTS like an enzyme and causes fibrinogen to be converted to fibrin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the intrinsic system is activated when? |
|
Definition
| blood comes in contact with collagen in the injured vessel wall |
|
|
Term
| the extrinsic system is activated once? |
|
Definition
| blood is exposed to tissue extracts |
|
|
Term
| what does antithrombin III do? |
|
Definition
| it inactivated coagulation factors and neutralizes thrombin |
|
|
Term
| what added benfit is antithrombin III have? |
|
Definition
| it provides protection against uncontrolled thrombus formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is a plasma protein that acts as an anticoagulant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| speeds up the actions of protein C |
|
|
Term
| why is plasmin so important? |
|
Definition
| it breaks down fibrin into fibrin degradation products that are anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| what do warfarin and heparin do? |
|
Definition
| they prevent thromboembolic disorders. they decrease prothrombin |
|
|
Term
| how fastdoes clot retraction occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does clot retraction work? |
|
Definition
| it squeezes serum from the clot and joins the edges to the broken vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle contracts. reduces blood flow. TXA2 contributes to constriction |
|
|
Term
| formation of the platelet plug |
|
Definition
| von willebran binds to vessel wall. platelets bind. ADP and TXA2 released. |
|
|
Term
| the intrinsic factor is activated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the extrinsic pathway is activated by? |
|
Definition
| lipoproteins called tissue factors |
|
|
Term
| both intrinsic and extrincisc factors lead to the activation of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrinsic/extrinsic. conversion that makes thrombin and fibrin--to hold clot together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the actin and myosin in the platlets that are in the clot contract causing it to shrink |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma without fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasminogen (t-pa) converts to plasmin breaks it down by digesting fibrin strands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which a clot dissolves |
|
|
Term
| plasmin is inactivated by? |
|
Definition
| a2-plasmin inhibitor. important to inactivate to prevent total break down of circulation vessels |
|
|
Term
| chronic liver disease may cause? |
|
Definition
| ltered fibronolytic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reduction in platelet numbers |
|
|
Term
| thrombocytopenia can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what numbers do we need for thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
| levels less than 100,000/uL |
|
|
Term
| as the platelets counts decrease...what will increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can cause thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
| decrease in platelet production, spleen gets too choosy about platlets, and no platelet survival |
|
|
Term
| what can cause a decrease in platelets? |
|
Definition
| anemia, leukemia, radiation, and HIV |
|
|
Term
| why is the spleen important? |
|
Definition
| it selects healthy platelets and pooling can occur in it |
|
|
Term
| immune thrombocytopenia purpura |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune disorder with platelet antibodies being made and the destruction of platelets |
|
|
Term
| secondary forms of ITP can result from? |
|
Definition
| HIV, systemetic lupus erythmatosus |
|
|
Term
| what two version of ITP are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden onset, no treatment required, children, petchiae, purpura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic, adults, does NOT follow an infection, common in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bruising, bleeding from gums, epistaxis, melena, abnormal menstrual bleeding |
|
|
Term
| what can be found in ITP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| platelet counts of 20,000-30,000. platelet antibody tests. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crticisteroids is common, it's very expensive |
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