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Plate Tectonics and Deformation
Refer to Title
50
Science
11th Grade
09/23/2013

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Term
Who proposed Continental Drift Hypothesis?
Definition
Alfred Wegener
Term
Define Continental Drift hypothesis
Definition
Belief that the Earth was once one huge landmass, a supercontinent known as Pangea
Term
Alfred Wegned could not explain
Definition
Mechanism of how continenetal drift worked
Term
Define Palentologists
Definition
Individuals who dig for fossils all over the world
Term
Types of locations where palentologists dig for fossils
Definition
  • Tundras
  • Desserts
  • Underground Caverns
Term
Evidence for Continental Drifting
Definition
  • Matching Mountain Ranges
  • Fitting Continents together
  • Fossils
  • Climate Chage
Term
Henry Hess proposed
Definition
Seafloor Spreading
Term
Seafloor Spreading explains
Definition
The Mechanism that allows Wegener's Continental Drift Hypothesis
Term
Evidence for Seafloor Spreading
Definition
Paleomagnetism
Term
Define Paleomagnetism
Definition
Study of the alignment of magnetic minerals in rocks.
Term
How does Paleomagnetism proove Seafloor Spreading
Definition
Using this method they are able to see how old rocks are, this lead them to find that rocks near the midocean ridge are younger than those farther away
Term
Rocks near the midocean ridge are younger or older than rocks farther away
Definition
Younger
Term
What causes Seafloor Spreading
Definition
Convection currents in the Astenosphere
Term
Three types of Plate Boundaries
Definition
  • Convergent/Destructive
  • Divergent/Constructive
  • Tranform
Term
Define Convergent Plate Boundaries
Definition
Plates collide and destroy sea floor
Term
Define Divergent Plate Boundaries
Definition
Plates seperate and form sea floor
Term
Define Transform Plate Boundaries
Definition
Plates slide past eachother
Term
Example of Transform Plate Boundary
Definition
San Andres Fault
Term
What is the first sphere of Earth?
Definition
Lithosphere
Term
What is the second sphere of Earth?
Definition
Astenosphere
Term
What is third sphere of Earth?
Definition
Mesosphere
Term
What is the fourth sphere of Earth?
Definition
Outer Core
Term
What is the fifth sphere of Earth?
Definition
Inner Core
Term
Define Plate Tectonics
Definition
Why plates move, how plates move, and the formations generated by plate movement
Term
What occurs when Oceanic and Continental plates collide?
Definition
Subduction occurs and volcanic mountains and trenches form
Term
Subduction
Definition
When water flows under Earth and forms trenches
Term
Subduction takes place when
Definition
Oceanic Plate collides with Continental Plate and when Oceanic Plate collides with Oceanic Plate
Term
What occurs when two Continental Plates collide?
Definition
Folded Mountains are formed
Term
What occurs when two Oceanic Plates collide?
Definition
Causes subduction and forms trenches and islands
Term
Define Isostasy
Definition
A balancing act between gravity pushing down on the lithosphere and the buoyancy of the mantle
Term
What does Isostasy cause?
Definition
Deformation
Term
What does Stress Cause?
Definition
Strain
Term
What is the bending of rocks?
Definition
Folding
Term
Define Faulting
Definition
The breaking of rocks
Term
Deformation causes
Definition
Earth to fold or fault
Term
Types of Stress
Definition
  • Compression
  • Tension
  • Shearing
Term
Define Compression
Definition
Rocks crushed inward
Term
Define Tension
Definition
Rock is pulled apart
Term
Define Shearing
Definition
Rocks are pushed in opposite directions being pulled in opposite directions being pulled in latical directions
Term
The Types of Folds
Definition
  • Anticlines
  • Synclines
  • Monoclines
Term
Define Anticlines
Definition
Bends upward, old rock in middle
Term
Define Syncline
Definition
Bends downward, youngest rock in middle
Term
Define Monoclines
Definition
Only one part bends
Term
Types of Faults
Definition
  • Normal Fault
  • Reverse Fault
  • Lateral Fault
  • Thrust Fault
Term
Define Normal Fault
Definition
Hanging wall moves downward from Foot Wall
Term
Normal Faults occur during what?
Definition
Compression
Term
Define Lateral Faults
Definition
Faults that form from Shearing
Term
Define Hanging Wall
Definition
Block above the fault line
Term
Define Foot Wall
Definition
Block below the Fault Line
Term
What happens in a thrust fault?
Definition
Hanging Wall moves up and over the Foot Wall, happens due to compression
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