Term
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Definition
1. cylindrical projection of the plasma membrane of ~ 1μm long
2. contains microfilaments
3.has lots of glycocalyx surrounding it |
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Term
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Definition
1. increase surface area
2. contractile function, mixing the luminal contents immediately around that cell. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cylindrical projections of the plasmalemma of variable length (~10-100 μm)
2. contain microfilaments
3. They are found at the apical surfaces of highly specialized epithelial cells, including the ductus epididymis and the hair cells of the inner ear. |
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Term
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Definition
a. In the epididymis, stereocilia keep the spermatozoa in the center of the lumen of the tube, and secrete and absorb various materials that help sustain the viability of the sperm.
b. Involved in sensations detected by the ear (balance and hearing). If sheared by excessive noise , partial or total deafness may result. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cylindrical projections of the plasma membrane of ~5-10 μm long
2. contain microtubules
3. grown from basal bodies
4. found in groups of many at the apical surfaces of epithelial cells (in the respiratory system, for example). |
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Term
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Definition
| causes movement of extracellular materials across the surface of the cell. In respiratory epithelium, cilia clear epithelial secretions and the inspired materials that become trapped in these secretions from the airways. |
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Term
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Definition
1. a single long projection (~100μm) only in spermatozoa
2. contain axonemes and many mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
1. one of Three major transmembrane protein family groups comprise the core of tight junctions
2. form the backbone of the sealing strands.
3. may form aqueous channels for the paracellular transport of ions and other small molecules |
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Term
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Definition
1. one of Three major transmembrane protein family groups comprise the core of tight junctions
2. ps to maintain the barrier between adjacent cells |
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Term
| Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM) |
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Definition
1. one of Three major transmembrane protein family groups comprise the core of tight junctions
2. Associates with claudins. Found mostly in endothelial cells, and may facilitate the transport of lymphocytes out of the bloodstream and into tissues. |
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Term
| Zonula occludens proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3). |
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Definition
1. Peripheral membrane proteins
2. associate with the cytosolic portions of the transmembrane proteins
3. regulate their tightness via signal transduction pathways.
4. Cholera toxins and cytomegalovirus permeabilize the junctions by acting on ZO-1 and ZO-2. |
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Term
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Definition
1. membrane-spanning glycoproteins in adjacent cells that bind to each other
2. part of Zonula adherens
3. intracellular part of the cadherin is linked to the actin microfilaments of the cytoskeleton by the catenins (α, β, and p120). |
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Term
| the catenins (α, β, and p120). |
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Definition
| 1. linker proteins that like cadherins to the actin microfilaments of the cytoskeleton |
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Term
| desmocollins and desmogleins |
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Definition
1. Transmembrane glycoproteins that make up the filamentous, extracellular material of Macula adherens
2. to the dense plaques at their intracellular portion.
3. extracellular portion interacts with the desmogleins of adjacent cells, in a “side-by-side” orientation, to effect adhesion. |
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Term
| plakoglobins, desmoplakins and plakophilins. |
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Definition
| 1. proteins that link transmembrane proteins to intermediate filaments in Desmosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| In order, from apical surface to basolateral membrane, they are the tight junction, the adherens junction, and then the desmosome. |
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Term
| connexin family of proteins |
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Definition
part of gap junctions
6 cx --> hemichannel (2) --> connexon (hundreds) --> gap junction |
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Term
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Definition
1. Similar to desmosomes, but they anchor intermediate filaments to the extracellular matrix instead of to another cell.
2. look like a half desmosome |
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Term
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Definition
1. component of hemidsmosomes
2. Crosslinks intermediate filaments to other IFs, MTs, or MFs.
3. "universal linker" |
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Term
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Definition
1. component of hemidsmosomes
2. Attaches the IFs to the attachment plaque of the hemidesmosome. |
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Term
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Definition
1. component of hemidsmosomes
2. Mediates association between BP230 and integrins |
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Term
| Focal contacts (adhesion plaques). |
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Definition
-composed of Transmembrane receptors called integrins bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (fibronectin, laminin, etc.), cluster together, and recruit other proteins to that site.
Functions:
1. Anchoring of cells to the extracellular matrix
2. Reception of extracellular signals |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmembrane receptors, bind to ECM in Focal contacts |
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Term
| components of Focal Contacts |
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Definition
| small G-protein rhoA, focal adhesion kinase, cytoskeletal proteins vinculin, α-actinin and talin |
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