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| Photosynthetic organs of the plant; store water/food |
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| Contained in the epidermis of the leaf; allow exchange of gases between the environment and the internal tissues of the leaf; more on the lower surface than the upper surface. |
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| surround stomata; regulate size of the stoma opening; contain chloroplasts while other cells of epidermis do not. |
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| thin, flat part of the leaf |
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| attach leaves to stem through this |
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| outer surface of leaf; thin, waxy |
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| one cell thick; tightly packed together; absorbs water and nutrients; regulates gas exchange; protects against water loss (hint: shape) |
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| photosynthetic tissue; area between upper and lower epidermis; there are two kinds of this |
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| near upper surface of leaf; full of chloroplasts; tightly packed together; oriented to obtain maximum amount of light |
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| palisades cells - part of the mesophyl |
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| lower part of mesophyl; loosely packed and moist cells that contian fewer chloroplasts and many air spaces which connet through the stomaata to the outside. |
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| spongey layer of the mesophyl |
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| veins of leaf (xylem -> water, phloem -> nutrients) and supporting fibers make up this. |
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| conducting tissues lead from xylem and phloem of the stem up through the petiole (it connects leaves to stem)into the blade. then the veins branch through the mesophyl into finer and finer vessels. the veins branch in a specific pattern, dependin gon whether the plan is a monocot or dicot. |
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| veins are parallel (parallel venation) |
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| veins form a network (net nevation) |
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| Takes place in the stroma |
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| 5 carbon sugar which the Calvin's Cycle starts out with |
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| Second molecule made in Calvin's Cycle (6 of them are made) |
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| Products from light reactions |
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Definition
| Used to boost the energy in the Calvin Cycle |
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| High energy phosphates are added to 3 PGA molecules and 6 ATPs are added and contribute a phosphate |
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Term
| 6 molecules of NADPH are oxidized. They reduce the carbon compound creating 6 3GP molecules. 1 G3P molecule leaves, the other 5 G3Ps are reshuffled to regenerate original RuBP |
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Definition
| final product of calvin's cycle (sugar) |
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Term
| Uses energy of light reactions to reduce 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and produce one molecule of G3P. Three more carbon dioxide molecules are fixed to form G3P in same complicated way. To make each G3P, the calvin's cycle consumes 9 ATP and 6 NADPH molecules |
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| stores the energy which chlorophyl originally captured from the sun |
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| RuBp (5 carbons) -> starts out with in calvin cycle |
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| PGA (there are 6 of these 3 carbon molecules) |
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OOP after the POOOP
final product |
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| G3P (6 of them)-> final product. two of these makes glucose |
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| enzyme used to catalyze carbon fixation (found in stroma of chloroplast where calvin's cycle takes place) |
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| takes place in thylakoid membrane |
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| light reactions take place during day |
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| dark reactions take place at night |
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Definition
| stomata opens and doens't have to worry about water loss |
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Term
| Total ATPS needed to make glucose |
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Definition
| 18 ATPS. 6 +3 = 9 * 2 = 18 TOTAL ATPS |
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Term
| Calvin's cycle can take place in the dark as long as NADPH and ATP are present |
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Definition
| NADPH and ATP however get used up and can only be regenerated in light dependant reaction |
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Term
| PGAL from respiration is... |
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Definition
| G3P in photosynthesis. final product and one out of six total 3 carbon compound leaves... results in 5 PGAL left |
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Term
| 3 CO2 and 9 ATP and 6 NAPH |
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| similarity with kreb's cycle |
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| an ongoing process; contains similar substances in both cycles (PGAL AND G3P) |
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| differences in calvn and kreb's cycle |
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Definition
| calvin: ATP and NADPH is used to put in energy. krebs: ATP, NADH, FADH2 is produced. calvin's cycle makes sugar and kreb's cycle breaks down sugar |
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| separates compounds based on solubility |
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| concerts sunlight into chemical energy by synthesizing ATP. oxygen is released as a byproduct. NADPH produced. (NADP = final electron acceptor) |
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| light independant reaction |
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Definition
| ATP and NADPh are used to synthesize sugar. (CO2 fixation) -> carbon from there makes C2H1206, organic compound. |
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