Mahonia aquifolium---Oregon Grape

5-9 leaflets, prickly spines on margin; can scratch away bark to reveal yellow pith; compound leaves

Mahonia aquifolium---Oregon Grape

5-9 leaflets, prickly spines on margin; can scratch away bark to reveal yellow pith; compound leaves

Tsuga heterophylla---Western Hemlock

Individually attached by small curved petiole; small, soft papery cone; fine texture.

Tsuga heterophylla---Western Hemlock

Individually attached by small curved petiole; small, soft papery cone; fine texture.

Tsuga heterophylla---Western Hemlock

Individually attached by small curved petiole; small, soft papery cone; fine texture.

Tsuga heterophylla---Western Hemlock

Individually attached by small curved petiole; small, soft papery cone; fine texture.

Western Red Cedar---Thuja plicata

Butterfly arrangement on underside; rose shaped cones; vitamin C taste

Western Red Cedar---Thuja plicata

Butterfly arrangement on underside; rose shaped cones; vitamin C taste

Western Red Cedar---Thuja plicata

Butterfly arrangement on underside; rose shaped cones; vitamin C taste

Western Sword Fern---Polystichum munitum

Leathery topside, Brown/Red spores on underside; Sword hilt on bottom of leaf

Western Sword Fern---Polystichum munitum

Leathery topside, Brown/Red spores on underside; Sword hilt on bottom of leaf

Western Sword Fern---Polystichum munitum

Leathery topside, Brown/Red spores on underside; Sword hilt on bottom of leaf

Evergreen Huckleberry---Vaccinium ovatum

Alternate, Dark green, glossy, serate, 1" ovate leaf; white bell shape flower

Evergreen Huckleberry---Vaccinium ovatum

Alternate, Dark green, glossy, serate, 1" ovate leaf; white bell shape flower

Evergreen Huckleberry---Vaccinium ovatum

Alternate, Dark green, glossy, serate, 1" ovate leaf; white bell shape flower

Coast Redwood---Seqouia sempervirens

Individually attached, double ranked needles; small, airy, egg shaped 1" cone; spongy, hairy, fibrous cinnamon-red-brown bark

Coast Redwood---Seqouia sempervirens

Individually attached, double ranked needles; small, airy, egg shaped 1" cone; spongy, hairy, fibrous cinnamon-red-brown bark

Coast Redwood---Seqouia sempervirens

Individually attached, double ranked needles; small, airy, egg shaped 1" cone; spongy, hairy, fibrous cinnamon-red-brown bark

Coast Redwood---Seqouia sempervirens

Individually attached, double ranked needles; small, airy, egg shaped 1" cone; spongy, hairy, fibrous cinnamon-red-brown bark

Sitka Spruce---Picea sitchensis

Individually attached by little woody piece ("stierigma"), pointy, stiff, "4 sided" needles; New growth have bluish white cast; Hairy, spikey,"Cooley Galls"; Soft, papery cones, 1-2" long, hang down

Sitka Spruce---Picea sitchensis

Individually attached by little woody piece ("stierigma"), pointy, stiff, "4 sided" needles; New growth have bluish white cast; Hairy, spikey,"Cooley Galls"; Soft, papery cones, 1-2" long, hang down

Sitka Spruce---Picea sitchensis

Individually attached by little woody piece ("stierigma"), pointy, stiff, "4 sided" needles; New growth have bluish white cast; Hairy, spikey,"Cooley Galls"; Soft, papery cones, 1-2" long, hang down

Sitka Spruce---Picea sitchensis

Individually attached by little woody piece ("stierigma"), pointy, stiff, "4 sided" needles; New growth have bluish white cast; Hairy, spikey,"Cooley Galls"; Soft, papery cones, 1-2" long, hang down

Sitka Spruce---Picea sitchensis

Individually attached by little woody piece ("stierigma"), pointy, stiff, "4 sided" needles; New growth have bluish white cast; Hairy, spikey,"Cooley Galls"; Soft, papery cones, 1-2" long, hang down

Port Orford Cedar---Chamaecyparis lawsonia

Rounder scales than Western Red Cedar; Underside has white X's (as apposed to "butterflies"); Black Male pollen cones; Small, coco puff female cones

Port Orford Cedar---Chamaecyparis lawsonia

Rounder scales than Western Red Cedar; Underside has white X's (as apposed to "butterflies"); Black Male pollen cones; Small, coco puff female cones

Port Orford Cedar---Chamaecyparis lawsonia

Rounder scales than Western Red Cedar; Underside has white X's (as apposed to "butterflies"); Black Male pollen cones; Small, coco puff female cones

Port Orford Cedar---Chamaecyparis lawsonia

Rounder scales than Western Red Cedar; Underside has white X's (as apposed to "butterflies"); Black Male pollen cones; Small, coco puff female cones

Port Orford Cedar---Chamaecyparis lawsonia

Rounder scales than Western Red Cedar; Underside has white X's (as apposed to "butterflies"); Black Male pollen cones; Small, coco puff female cones

Canadian Dogwood---Cornus canadensis

-Opposite, appear whirled obovate leaves;

-Glossy medium-dark leaves with a red tint in fall/winter;

-flower has 4 bracts and blooms late in spring, then develops small red fleshy berry

Canadian Dogwood---Cornus canadensis

-Opposite, appear whirled obovate leaves;

-Glossy medium-dark leaves with a red tint in fall/winter;

-flower has 4 bracts and blooms late in spring, then develops small red fleshy berry

Canadian Dogwood---Cornus canadensis

-Opposite, appear whirled obovate leaves;

-Glossy medium-dark leaves with a red tint in fall/winter;

-flower has 4 bracts and blooms late in spring, then develops small red fleshy berry

Canadian Dogwood---Cornus canadensis

-Opposite, appear whirled obovate leaves;

-Glossy medium-dark leaves with a red tint in fall/winter;

-flower has 4 bracts and blooms late in spring, then develops small red fleshy berry

Deer Fern---Blechum spicant

-No petiole attachment, rectangular shaped fronds

-No spores

-Deciduous and evergreen leaves

Deer Fern---Blechum spicant

-No petiole attachment, rectangular shaped fronds

-No spores

-Deciduous and evergreen leaves

Deer Fern---Blechum spicant

-No petiole attachment, rectangular shaped fronds

-No spores

-Deciduous and evergreen leaves

Deer Fern---Blechum spicant

-No petiole attachment, rectangular shaped fronds

-No spores

-Deciduous and evergreen leaves

Deer Fern---Blechum spicant

-No petiole attachment, rectangular shaped fronds

-No spores

-Deciduous and evergreen leaves

Kinnickinnick---Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

-Alternate to Whirled

-Dark green, leathery, entire margin leaf

-Red Twig on new growth

-Red buds, pink or white urn shaped flower followed by bright red berry in summer

Kinnickinnick---Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

-Alternate to Whirled

-Dark green, leathery, entire margin leaf

-Red Twig on new growth

-Red buds, pink or white urn shaped flower followed by bright red berry in summer

Wax Myrtle---Myrica Californica

-Lanceolate 2-4" long

-Bottom of leaf is entire, top is serate

-Tan, fuzzy bud at the base of leaves

-Tan pubescence near end of twigs

Wax Myrtle---Myrica Californica

-Lanceolate 2-4" long

-Bottom of leaf is entire, top is serate

-Tan, fuzzy bud at the base of leaves

-Tan pubescence near end of twigs

Wax Myrtle---Myrica Californica

-Lanceolate 2-4" long

-Bottom of leaf is entire, top is serate

-Tan, fuzzy bud at the base of leaves

-Tan pubescence near end of twigs

Shore Pine---Pinus contorta var. contorta

-Needles attached in papery sheath, 2 needles per fasicle

-2" long needles

-More densely branched than Ponderosa

-Terminal bud has "tapered candle" look

Shore Pine---Pinus contorta var. contorta

-Needles attached in papery sheath, 2 needles per fasicle

-2" long needles

-More densely branched than Ponderosa

-Terminal bud has "tapered candle"

Shore Pine---Pinus contorta var. contorta

-Needles attached in papery sheath, 2 needles per fasicle

-2" long needles

-More densely branched than Ponderosa

-Terminal bud has "tapered candle"

Salal---Gaultheria shallon

-Nice green, juicy leaf

-Thick twig, red on top with green below

Salal---Gaultheria shallon

-Nice green, juicy leaf

-Thick twig, red on top with green below

Salal---Gaultheria shallon

-Nice green, juicy leaf

-Thick twig, red on top with green below

Alaska Yellow Cedar---Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

-Cones look similar to Port Orford Cedar, except each scale has a spike

-Pollen cones look similar to Incense cedar

-Scales have pointier ends

-Bark is reddis brown w/grey cast

Alaska Yellow Cedar---Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

-Cones look similar to Port Orford Cedar, except each scale has a spike

-Pollen cones look similar to Incense cedar

-Scales have pointier ends

-Bark is reddis brown w/grey cast

Alaska Yellow Cedar---Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

-Cones look similar to Port Orford Cedar, except each scale has a spike

-Pollen cones look similar to Incense cedar

-Scales have pointier ends

-Bark is reddis brown w/grey cast

Alaska Yellow Cedar---Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

-Cones look similar to Port Orford Cedar, except each scale has a spike

-Pollen cones look similar to Incense cedar

-Scales have pointier ends

-Bark is reddis brown w/grey cast

Alaska Yellow Cedar---Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

-Cones look similar to Port Orford Cedar, except each scale has a spike

-Pollen cones look similar to Incense cedar

-Scales have pointier ends

-Bark is reddis brown w/grey cast

Alaska Yellow Cedar---Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

-Cones look similar to Port Orford Cedar, except each scale has a spike

-Pollen cones look similar to Incense cedar

-Scales have pointier ends

-Bark is reddis brown w/grey cast

California Bay Laurel---Umbellularia californica

-2-5" ovate to lanceolate leathery leaves

-Very fragrant

-Bark looks like alligator hide

-Large round flower buds

California Bay Laurel---Umbellularia californica

-2-5" ovate to lanceolate leathery leaves

-Very fragrant

-Bark looks like alligator hide

-Large round flower buds

California Bay Laurel---Umbellularia californica

-2-5" ovate to lanceolate leathery leaves

-Very fragrant

-Bark looks like alligator hide

-Large round flower buds

Pacific Yew---Taxus brevifolia

-Individually attached needles by tiny petiole, doubly ranked on a flat plane

-Needle comes to a small point

-Will get orange hue if in sunlight

Pacific Yew---Taxus brevifolia

-Individually attached needles by tiny petiole, doubly ranked on a flat plane

-Needle comes to a small point

-Will get orange hue if in sunlight

Pacific Yew---Taxus brevifolia

-Individually attached needles by tiny petiole, doubly ranked on a flat plane

-Needle comes to a small point

-Will get orange hue if in sunlight

Giant Seqouia---Sequoiadendron giganteum

-Long tendril scales (awl)

-Bulbous cones, 2-3", green in youth

-Bulbous tan male pollen cones

-Spongey, red bark

Giant Seqouia---Sequoiadendron giganteum

-Long tendril scales (awl)

-Bulbous cones, 2-3", green in youth

-Bulbous tan male pollen cones

-Spongey, red bark

Giant Seqouia---Sequoiadendron giganteum

-Long tendril scales (awl)

-Bulbous cones, 2-3", green in youth

-Bulbous tan male pollen cones

-Spongey, red bark

Giant Seqouia---Sequoiadendron giganteum

-Long tendril scales (awl)

-Bulbous cones, 2-3", green in youth

-Bulbous tan male pollen cones

-Spongey, red bark

Pacific Silver Fir---Abies amabilis

-Individually attached needles w/suction cups

-Distinct white stoma on underside of needles

-Small cones hang between needles

-Cones fall apart

Pacific Silver Fir---Abies amabilis

-Individually attached needles w/suction cups

-Distinct white stoma on underside of needles

-Small cones hang between needles

-Cones fall apart

Pacific Silver Fir---Abies amabilis

-Individually attached needles w/suction cups

-Distinct white stoma on underside of needles

-Small cones hang between needles

-Cones fall apart

Pacific Silver Fir---Abies amabilis

-Individually attached needles w/suction cups

-Distinct white stoma on underside of needles

-Small cones hang between needles

-Cones fall apart

Western White Pine---Pinus monticola

-5 needles per fasicle

-Short sheath, needles are soft, thin, 2-3" long

-Large (5-15") resinous cones, long+thin

-Cones tend to be on ends of branches

-Branches tend to be arranged in rings around the tree

Western White Pine---Pinus monticola

-5 needles per fasicle

-Short sheath, needles are soft, thin, 2-3" long

-Large (5-15") resinous cones, long+thin

-Cones tend to be on ends of branches

-Branches tend to be arranged in rings around the tree

Western White Pine---Pinus monticola

-5 needles per fasicle

-Short sheath, needles are soft, thin, 2-3" long

-Large (5-15") resinous cones, long+thin

-Cones tend to be on ends of branches

-Branches tend to be arranged in rings around the tree

Noble Fir---Abies procera

-Individually attached needles

-Bluish look, especially on new growth

-Needles looked combed up from bottom to tip, creates curve @ base of needles

-"Cera combs his noble hair"

Noble Fir---Abies procera

-Individually attached needles

-Bluish look, especially on new growth

-Needles looked combed up from bottom to tip, creates curve @ base of needles

-"Cera combs his noble hair"

Noble Fir---Abies procera

-Individually attached needles

-Bluish look, especially on new growth

-Needles looked combed up from bottom to tip, creates curve @ base of needles

-"Cera combs his noble hair"

Noble Fir---Abies procera

-Individually attached needles

-Bluish look, especially on new growth

-Needles looked combed up from bottom to tip, creates curve @ base of needles

-"Cera combs his noble hair"

Noble Fir---Abies procera

-Individually attached needles

-Bluish look, especially on new growth

-Needles looked combed up from bottom to tip, creates curve @ base of needles

-"Cera combs his noble hair"

Western Rhododendron---Rhododendron macrophyllum

-Alternate, look whirled on end, leaves are large and elliptic-obovate, 6-8"

-Dark green above, pale green and sometimes a rust color below

-Gummy/sticky feeling on new growth

-5 lobed flower in trumpet shape, bright pink

Western Rhododendron---Rhododendron macrophyllum

-Alternate, look whirled on end, leaves are large and elliptic-obovate, 6-8"

-Dark green above, pale green and sometimes a rust color below

-Gummy/sticky feeling on new growth

-5 lobed flower in trumpet shape, bright pink

Mountain Hemlock---Tsuga mertensiana

-Needles in radial pattern, denser on top half, yellow tips

-Attached by small petiole

-Looking at the needles straight on, looks like a star

-1-3" long oblong/cylindrical cones

-SMELLS LIKE PICKLES

Mountain Hemlock---Tsuga mertensiana

-Needles in radial pattern, denser on top half, yellow tips

-Attached by small petiole

-Looking at the needles straight on, looks like a star

-1-3" long oblong/cylindrical cones

-SMELLS LIKE PICKLES

Mountain Hemlock---Tsuga mertensiana

-Needles in radial pattern, denser on top half, yellow tips

-Attached by small petiole

-Looking at the needles straight on, looks like a star

-1-3" long oblong/cylindrical cones

-SMELLS LIKE PICKLES

Delavay Osmanthus---Osmanthus delavayi

-Ovate, tough/thick, roughly serate leaves

-Light tan twig with round terminal bud

-Small black berry that looks like an olive

Delavay Osmanthus---Osmanthus delavayi

-Ovate, tough/thick, roughly serate leaves

-Light tan twig with round terminal bud

-Small black berry that looks like an olive

Delavay Osmanthus---Osmanthus delavayi

-Ovate, tough/thick, roughly serate leaves

-Light tan twig with round terminal bud

-Small black berry that looks like an olive