Term
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Definition
| Leaf or fruit fall because of death of cells in the abscission layer in the stalk. |
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Term
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Definition
| Threatening behavior usually associated with competition. It can involved predation. |
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Definition
| Refers to conflicts within a species but exclude predation. |
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Definition
| Chemical inhibition of one species by another. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a gesture contains elements of dominance and submission |
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Term
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Definition
| An interspecific relationship where one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the middle stem is more dominant that the other stems (eg/ the trunk of a pine tree) |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant hormone, responsible for Positive geotropism and positive phototropism |
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Term
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Definition
| A harmless animal that looks like a poisonous one. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal timing systems that continue without external cures and control (to some extent) the timing of activities of plants and animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The biological clocks can have somewhat different periods compared with the geophysical cycles, so their names begin with ‘circa’ which means ‘about’. Circa is used to describe endogenous rhythms that either fall short of or exceed the geophysical cycle. For example, circadian means about a day and describes an endogenous activity period that falls short of or exceeds a 24-hour period. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rhythm of about 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rhythm of about 12.5 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rhythm of about 1 month. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rhythm of about 1 year. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interspecific relationship where one organism benefits, but the other is unaffected. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an animal is active around sunrise and sunset. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant that flowers independently of the day length or season. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When seeds will not germinate unless certain conditions (such as cutting of the coat or a long period of cold) happen. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the living things in an area plus the physical factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| An internal rhythm that occurs when there are no external cues. It is caused by a biological clock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forcing the free running period to follow an external pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rhythm that continues only when external cues are present. |
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Term
| Free running period (FRP) |
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Definition
| The natural period of the rhythm if there are no external cues. |
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Term
| Gause’s competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
| If two species have the same niche they cannot remain for long in the same habitat. One will lose out and be eliminated (or at least reduced to a very small population.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The place or environment in which specific organisms live. |
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Term
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Definition
| When animals are ranked. A linear hierarchy is where every animal is above or below another; there are no equals. |
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Term
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Definition
| An area that an animal uses for food, but will not defend. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to find and return to the home site. In animals only. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid (two types of auxin). |
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Term
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Definition
| Between two different species. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A whole-body response of animals where the response is independent of the stimulus direction, but may depend on the intensity of the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any variable factor of the environment that limits the activity of an organism or population Eg not enough food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Annual mass movement of animals, from breeding areas to other non-breeding areas and then returning. In animals only. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant that flowers with increasing day length, usually over 12 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where several poisonous species have similar colourations. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interspecific relationship where both benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant response that is independent of the direction of the stimulus. The response is not a growth response, but usually involves cell water (turgor) pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An interspecific relationship where one individual is benefited and the other harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The length of a rhythm, how long it takes to repeat. |
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Term
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Definition
| The close-up distance round an animal that is never invaded except for mating or fighting. |
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Term
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Definition
| To change the start times of a rhythm, but not its period. (See Entrainment.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The response of plants to lengths of day (or night). |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant pigment that controls the photoperiodic response. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interspecific relationship where one individual is benefited and the other is harmed, eg a predator eats its prey, and a parasite is smaller and lives in or on its host. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant that flowers in short days, during autumn or winter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that causes an organism to react. |
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Term
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Definition
| A biological clock that enables a migrating bird or insect to fly using the sun and continuously adjust its angle to the sun while flying. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of an animal or part of its body towards or away from a directional stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| An area used by an animal for feeding or breeding, that the animal will defend. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plant growth response to a directional stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exposure of seeds to a period of cold to break the seeds’ dormancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Time signal for a biological clock. Eg sunrise and sunset, temperature, tidal movement, day length. |
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