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Definition
| The process by which plants and algea use the sun to turn CO2 and sugar into energy. |
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| Primary vs Secondary Consumers |
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Definition
Example: Human eating a potatoe, primary consumer.
A human eating something that ate a potatoe, secondary consumer. |
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| A flowering plant. There are over 250,000 different known species |
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| 4 parts of an angiosperm: |
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Definition
| Sepals, petals, stamens and capels. |
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| Aquatic photosynthetic organisims. Point of intrest: algea blooms |
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Definition
| Composed of a threadlike body (mycelium)they reproduce via spores. They get energy from decaying organic matter by acting as saprobes or parasites. They are important decomposers. |
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| What are the 6 fundamental properties of life? |
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Definition
1) Growth and Reproduction. Note: remember, growth=irreversible. Not simply enlarging.
2) Ability to Respond.
3) Ability to evolve and adapt. Example: Desert plants that store water
4) Metabolism. Examples: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
5) Organized Structure.
6) Organic Composition. Composed mainly of four types of compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
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Term
| What 9 elements make up 99.5% of living matter? |
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Definition
| Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and sulfur. |
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Term
| What are the three main subatomic paticles that make up an atom? |
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Definition
| Protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative. Protons and neutrons are located in the atomic nucleus while electrons orbit around. |
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| A number assigned to each element which refers to the number of protons in the atomic nucleus |
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Definition
| Atoms of an element with a different mass number |
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Definition
| Isotopes that have unstable or decaying atomic nuclei |
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Definition
| Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds that retain the properties of the compound |
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Definition
| A substance formed by two or more elements in a definate proportion |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common types of chemical bonds, and what are their characteristics? |
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Definition
Ionic: Ionic bonds are formed when two oppositely charged ions are in contact. Example: NaCl (salt).
Covalent: Formed when two atoms share electron pairs.
Hydrogen: Bond of a weakly charged oxygen or nitrogen of one molecule and a weakly charged hydrogen of another.They are important to the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. |
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Term
| Carbohydrates, everything about 'em. |
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Definition
| Carbs include sugar, starches, and cellulose. Many carbs, example: glucose, are energy sources. Some carbs, like cellulose, are structural. |
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| Monosaccharides vs Disacharides |
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Definition
| Both are sugars, and therefore carbohydrates. Disaccharides are two sugar molecules chemically bonded together, like sucrose or maltose. Monosaccharides are simple sugars (one sugar molecule) like glucose or fructose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many thousands of sugar molecules bonded together, the three most common are: starch, glycogen and cellulose. |
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Definition
| Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that are common to all life. They serve as enzymes, structural materials, regulartory molecules, or transport molecules. |
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Definition
| When amino acids (which make up proteins) are attached to each other by a special covalent bond called a peptide bond to form long chains. |
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| The most common types of lipids are triglycerides (energy-food reserves), phospholipids (structure), waxes and steroids (hormones). They are insoluable in water. |
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Definition
| Nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA) are composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The two purine bases are adenine and guanine. The three pyrimidine bases are thymine (ONLY IN DNA), cytosine, and uracil (REPLACES THYMINE, IN RNA ONLY). |
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Definition
| The cell theory states that cells are the basic building blocks of all life. Also, all organisims are made up of cells and cells can only come from other cells. |
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Definition
| The cell wall encloses the protoplast. Plant cell walls may consist of either one or two layers (a primary and secondary wall) |
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Definition
| A cytoplasmic strand that connects adjacect plant cells through pores in the cell wall. They allow for the movement of materials from cell to cell. |
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Definition
| A sticky layer that can be found in between adjacent plant cells, it acts kind of like a glue. It is also made of pectins, which are used to make jellies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything in a cell that isnt the nucleus, bassically. |
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