Term
|
Definition
| 300 BC Greek heir of Aristotle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Described about 600 species by related characteristics, not necessarily biological |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants take mass from the soil, amount of ash in plants are minerals obtained from soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Species Plantarum) popularized naming system, using reproductive parts, evolution through descent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Put together cell theory- idea that organisms are made of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every cell came from an existing cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spontaneous generation of life is disproved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Christian- appealed for a scientific explanation fro natural phen. w/o appealing to direct divine intervention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kept design out of discussion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| response to stimuli(movement), metabolism, reproduction, chemical reactions, cytoplasmic streaming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What makes wood hard (2nd most abundant wood chem.)add rigidity to cell wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not digestible by animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chains of pentoses and hexoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects DNA from carcinogen attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygen radical absorbance, (pink,blue,red colors in leaves, fruits) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Essential oils and turpentines |
|
|
Term
| Nitrogen based compounds (alkaloids) |
|
Definition
| Nicotine, morphine, Caffine, Ergoline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living portion of the cell with all its cell functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicall inert (shell barrier) made of cellulose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used as a glue between cellulose molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glue-like substance b/w cellulose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where active and passive transport occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may pull under low osmotic pressure causing shrinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rough- protein production Smooth- non protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of protein subunitys and RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site of carbohydrate synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sties of ATP production and energy conversion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stie of electron transport chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double membraned, divide independently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stacks of thyloquoids suspended in the stroma (fluid filled matrix) contains chlorophyll molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| takes on the structure or function of a mitochondria or chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flagella, cilia, spindle fibers, 9x2 arrangment in f&c |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stie of DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of chromatin and DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 sided actively dividing cells (roots,stems,flowers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meristems from the tip of the plant, lengthen by the addition of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with the development of the epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary growth- thickening of the structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs teh length of roots and stems of most herbaceous plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports nutrients up the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports material down the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Xylem, phloem, epidermis, periderm, secretory cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer layer of cells that contact environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer layer of cells that contact environment, single layer of cells that covers the leaf surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| break off and inject toxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce sugar water to attract ants which eat other bugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for pushing through the soil, epidermal cells can be lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer around the root of fungal hyphae, increases surface areas 100x |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| storage of starches (yams, carrots, beets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for many clonal plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spongy root extensions above the waterline in swampy or aquatic environments (better respiration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| roots extending out of the soil for extra support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spread out the load of the tree (elms in swamps) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| roots that have small pegs that wrap around another plant for parasitism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rhizobitum- chambers associated with its growth (changes N into NO3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| full of dead plant material, high organic content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inorganic soil material w/ 50% or less organic processed material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weatherized degraded material (clays, sands) reasonable oxygen content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rocky, usually beyond root penetration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulated the nutrients of the soild by making nutrients in the rocks available to plants |
|
|
Term
| Trace mineral needed by plants |
|
Definition
| Zinc,strontium,sodium,iron,aluminum,iodine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stems situated in a cross shape around the central stem for shading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point of attachment of a leaf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance between two nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angle between the leaf petiole and the stem of the branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leaf structures at the base of the leaf that typically fall off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that give rise to the epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives rise to xylem and phloem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that exist between the primary cambium and primary phloem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal of xylem and phloem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| around the outside perimeter of the stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conducting cells that are involved in the lateral conduction through the stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phelioderm, cortex, phloem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| horizontal and underground stem that can be cut off and genreate a new plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grapevines, strawberries, cut them off and have a new plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertical runners (potato) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fleshy leaf structure, very short stem, and roots coming off the stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stem is thicker than bulb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stems that collects most of the light (prickly pear) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branches that have been specialized for protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Horizontal Leaf Architecture |
|
Definition
| broad, found in the woods |
|
|
Term
| Vertical Leaf architecture |
|
Definition
| thick, small leaves, open fields |
|
|
Term
| Vertical Leaf architecture |
|
Definition
| thick, small leaves, open fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| waxy layer above the epidermis to prevent excess water loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertically oriented for light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough, small, thick, may be used for water storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laeves that take on the specialized structure of defense that is needle-like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protect the internal flower features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cylindrical shape allows light penentration into leaf buried halfway underground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| venus fly trap, sundew, pitcher plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carotenoids (red,antiox),xanthophylls(yellow), flavanoids(blue,purple, pH influenced) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by high nutrient envir. plants, latex, morphine, works against general herbivores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced by high nutrient envir. plants, latex, morphine, works against general herbivores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong odors, haze causings, nutrient poor envir. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tannin, anthocyanins, lignins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grow, reproduce, and die every year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bloom and reproduce but may take a couple years to flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sprout first year then blooms,reproduces,and dies second year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grasses, parallel veins, 1 seed leaf, fibrous roots, petals and flower parts typically in multiples of 3, vascular bundles scattered in stem, descended from dicots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two seed leaves, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, vascular bundles arranged in rings, 3/4 of all plants are dicots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stem upon which the flower sits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the flower that the sepal, petals, adn ovary are attached to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| green structures that house the flower before blooming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attached to the base of the pistil, have anther adn filament on them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clusters of flowers associated with 1 peduncle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exocarp (furry skin),mesocarp(fleshy),endocarp(houses seed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single stone inside fleshy exterior(peach, cherry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from compound ovary, many seeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ovary housed by the receptacle (apple) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derived from a single flower with many pistils, tiny fruitlets (blackberry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derived from a single flower with many pistils, tiny fruitlets (blackberry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derived from a single flower with many pistils, tiny fruitlets (blackberry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mesocarp is dry at maturity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| split along 1 seam (bean) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| split along 2 seams but seed retained on a central partition (mustard family) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constist of 2 carpels that split in a variety of ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeds are blown or carried away to a good growing location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants adapted to an established location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wind,animals,water,physical propulsion,human transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embryonic plant in the seed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with the roots as it develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| possess most of the food material in dicot seed halves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains most of the nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical, tough seed coat removal, inhibitors of fruit growth, climate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure up against sides of cell wall |
|
|
Term
| Necessary Osmosis Gradient |
|
Definition
| soil,roots,stems,leaves,atomosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total water loss through the leaves to the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any water lost that isn't moving through the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total water lost from the environment during the growing season |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water passing through the plant and collecting on the external leaves as it moves through hydrothodes (openings) |
|
|
