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Definition
| Have a rumen (part of their digestive system) which contain bacteria capable of partially breaking down cellulose (not lignin) |
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| Direct consumption of forages by animals-Most efficient harvesting |
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Definition
1.) Mowing and Conditioning (squeezes forage to reduce moisture) 2.) Windrow 3.) Dried to less than 20% Moisture
4.) Baling: Small square bales an round bales |
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Definition
| Dried Stems of small grains used for bedding of animals (no feed value) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.) Harvest entire plant at physiological maturity and 65% moisture 2.)Sore in anaerobic conditions (upright silo, bunker silo, sausage bags) 3.) Carbohydrates are converted to fatty acids which lowers pH and destroys molds and other microorganisms 4.) Silage Production usually occurs on dairy farms |
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Definition
| 1.) Cell contents ( a.) carbohydrate: 100% Digestible b.) Proteins: 100% Digestible) 2.) Cell Wall Components ( a.) Cellulose: 60% Digestible b.) Lignin: Not Digestible) 3.) As the plant matures (produces seed-heads and flowers) cell contents decline and cell wall components increase (quality declines) |
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Definition
| 1.) Physiological Maturity 2.) Leaf to stem ratio 3.) Color 4.) Odor 5.) Forage Material |
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Term
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Definition
1.) Legumes are usually higher in protein content than grasses
2.) Grasses: a.) Bunchgrasses grow in upright clumps and are better suited for hay production than grazing b.) Sod-forming grasses spread out lower to the ground than bunchgrasses. They contain either rhizomes or stolons. They are well suited for grazing (particularly low grazing animals like horses and sheep) |
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Definition
| Bunch grass grows in upright clumps, produce leaves from the crown. Best use for hay production |
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Term
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Definition
| Sod grasses spread out lower to ground and contain either rhizomes or stolons. Best use for grazing |
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Term
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Definition
| Phosphorus: Needed at planting |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen: Most needed after turf is established |
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Term
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Definition
| Mowing frequently encourages tillering (new shoots from the crown) |
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Term
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Definition
Uses a herbicide (glyphosate) to clear the land of vegetation prior to planting. A plow disturbs the soil to control vegetation in conventional tilling
Advantages: Less Erosion, better soil structure, saves water and time
a.) Crop residue left in field b.) use herbicides to destroy vegetation (spring) c.) cover-crop- used, no tillage (planted in the fall, destroyed in the spring)
holds soil and prevent erosion
harvest and hold left over nutrients for next crop |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollination period is the most critical period of growth to determine corn yield |
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Term
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Definition
| Short season corn will have a shorter pollination period, therefore stress during this time may be more likely to delay silking until after pollination is complete. This will cause incomplete fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Determinant Crops stops vegetative growth at flowering |
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Definition
| Indeterminate Crops continue to grow after flowering |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they have the ability to fight it better than corn does. More durable in different conditions |
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Term
| Winter Hardiness: Least wheat, barely, and rye from the most to least hardy |
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Definition
| Most: Rye , Wheat, Barley, Lease: Oats |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant after Hesian Fly Free Date |
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Term
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Definition
| Harvested Earlier than wheat ( good for double crop soybean) |
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Term
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Definition
| Planted in Maryland after the last frost |
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Term
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Definition
| Primarily used as a cover crop: reduces erosion and holds nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| 70 Degrees F average temps. Needs high clay content to grow properly |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.) Irrigated Lowland: High Production 2.) Rainfed Land: Not as productive 3.) Upland: Not in paddiesL Associated with slash and burn agriculture |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetically Modified Crops |
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Definition
| 1.) Glyphosphate Resistance 2.) Bt Crops 3.) Golden Rice |
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Term
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Definition
| "Round up Ready"...Crops resistant to the herbicide glyphosphate...no residual activity because it is inactive in soil...very low toxicity to animals and humans so it is safe to use |
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Term
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Definition
| Method of inserting foreign DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces a Be protein in the crop that controls insects |
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Term
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Definition
| GE rice that produces high Vitamin A and Iron in Rice |
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Term
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Definition
| a.) Moldboard Plowing-fall or spring (destroys vegetation) b.) Disting-break up soil clods c.) Cultipacker-prepares for planting |
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Term
| Concerns for Conventional Tillage |
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Definition
| 1.) Erosion 2.) Destroys Soil Structure 3.) Delays Planting 4.) Requires High Energy Input 5.) Dries quicker at surface |
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Term
| Concerns About No Tillage |
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Definition
| 1.) Residue allows for insects and diseases over winter (Uses more insecticides/fungicides) 2.) Use more herbicides-controls vegetation 3.) More Perennial Weeds |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrates: 100% Digestable Protein: 10% Digestable |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellulose: 60% Digestable Lignin: Not Digestable |
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Term
| As the plant matures cell contents______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| As the plant matures, cell wall components_____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Stages of Growth in Small Grain |
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Definition
| Seedling, Tillering-Over Winter, Jointing, Boot, Reproductive |
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Term
| Describe how hay is harvested and how and where it is stored |
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Definition
| Harvesting: Mechanical-Mowed,Conditioned, Windrow,Dried to less than 20% Moisture.....Grazing....Storage: Stacks or Bales in Barns or Fields |
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Term
| What are legumes higher in than grasses? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bunker Silo's, Upright Silo's, Sausage Bags |
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Term
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Definition
| The offspring of a genetic cross between two types that are genetically different |
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Term
| Compartment in the cow that is more important in the digestion of cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
| What component of the cell wall is digested in the Rumen |
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Definition
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