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haploid individuals (or cells) fuse to form a diploid zygote
which immediately undergoes meiosis. |
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| In the gametic meiosis life cycle (which is employed by humans), meiosis produces the gametes, so the only haploid cells in the life cycle are the gametes |
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| In sporic meiosis, there are both haploid individuals and diploid individuals within the life cycle. Meiosis produces haploid spores, which then divide to produce an individual that is made entirely of haploid cells. This individual produces gametes by mitosis. Two gametes unite and form a diploid zygote. The zygote divides to produce an individual that is made entirely of diploid cells. This individual produces spores by meiosis to complete the cycle. Because the life cycle includes two generations of individuals, a haploid generation and a diploid generation, it is called "alternation of generations |
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| land plants use _____ alternations of generations |
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| flowers evolved from modified ____ of leaves |
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| part of flower composed of sepals - protection |
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| part of flower composed of petals |
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part of flower composed of stamens (male). -anther and filament |
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part of flower composed of carpels -stigma, style, ovary |
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4 interconnected lobes called pollen sacs (microspore mother cells 2n) meiosis produces 4 microspores mitosis produces tube nucleus mature male gametophyte-2 celled pollengrain |
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| gametogenesis, female (ovary) |
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contains ovules attached to placental tissue megaspore mother cell (2n) meiosis produces 4 megaspores (n) 3 degenerate surviving megaspore divides 3X by mitosis= 1 egg, 2 synergids, 3 anitpodals (collectively called embyro sac) mature female gametophyte- 7 cells |
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| pollination/fertilization |
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| physical transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
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stigma sends pollen tube down style to ovary, enters embryo sac destroying one synergid mitosis produces 2 sperm both sperm discharge into embryo sac |
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sperm+egg;sperm+2 polar nuclei zygote (2n), primary endosperm (3n) remaining haploid cells degenerate |
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| maturation and fruit development |
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| after fertilization, ovule becomes seed, ovary becomes fruit |
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| contains both male and female parts (all 4 parts: sepal, pistil, stamen, petals) |
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